NSG 2400 Exam 2 Review Questions With
Correct Answers
TBI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |injury |that |results |in |trauma |to |scalp, |skull, |or |brain
Pediatric |Differences |w/ |TBI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--children |have |larger |head |mass |& |body |
surface |area
-greater |head |mass |makes |them |top |heavy |& |increases |momentum |w/ |falls
-weaker |neck |muscles
-open |suture |lines |& |fontanelles |~18 |months |of |age
| ~allows |for |slight |expansion |to |an |extent |d/t |cerebral |edema |early |in |head |injury
Causes: |TBI |- |Falls |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Leading |cause |of |TBI
Other |causes |of |TBI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--MVAs
-Struck |by |objects
-Abuse/assault
-Suicide |attempts
-Other: |
| ~intoxication
| ~DKA, |stroke, |heart |attacks, |& |seizures
Linear |Fracture |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Straight |line |crack |in |skull
-Heals |in |3-4 |months
-Pt. |needs |follow |up |x-rays |to |ensure |proper |healing
,Linear |fracture: |hospital |care |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Pt. |admitted |overnight |for |obs. |& |neuro
|checks
Depressed |Fracture |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Causes |fragments |to |indent |inward |towards |
brain
-NEUROLOGICAL |EMERGENCY
| ~Fragments |cause |tearing |& |increase |pressure |on |brain
| ~Pt. |needs |surgery |immediately |to |lift |fragments |& |reduce |ICP
| ~Fracture |uncommon |before |age |2 |b/c |cant |generate |enough |speed |to |hit |head |hard |enough |
| ~Injury |must |be |forceful |enough |for |child |to |have |(MVA |or |abuse)
Basilar |skull |fracture |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Linear |fracture |that |occurs |at |base |of |skull
-Bone |fragments |penetrate |PARANASAL |SINUSES |& |MIDDLE |EAR |SPACES
| ~Leads |to |bleeding |& |CSF |leakage |from |nose |& |ears
-Fracture |has |high |incidence |of |POSTTRAUMATIC |MENINGITIS |(infection |in |brain |area)
CSF |appearance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Serosanguinous
-Contains |glucose
Basilar |skull |fracture: |S/S |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Raccoon |eyes |(bruising |around |eyes)
-Battle |sign |(bruising |behind |ear |of |injured |side)
With |basilar |skull |fracture, |do |not |place |a |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-NG |Tube!
Concussion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Violent |jarring/shaking |of |brain |soft |tissue |that |results |in |
disturbance |of |brain |function
,How |does |concussion |occur? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Individual |hits |head: |initial |impact. |
Force |from |impact |causes |brain |to |strike |inner |surface |of |skull |& |rebound |against |opposite |
side |of |skull.
-Individual |has |brief |loss |of |consciousness.
| ~Can |be |a |few |seconds |to |a |few |minutes. |After, |individual |will |be |dazed |& |confused.
-Individual |will |also |have |memory |loss/amnesia
S&S |of |concussion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Brief |loss |of |cons.
-Dazed |& |confused
-Memory |loss/amnesia
Retrograde |amnesia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Loss |long-term |of |memory
Anterograde |amnesia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Loss |of |short-term |memory
Children |w/ |concussion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--No |aspirin/ibuprofen |for |first |48 |hrs. |after |
injury!
-No |strenuous |activity
Contusion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Bruising |& |tearing |of |cerebral |tissue
-Causes |quick |deterioration |of |neuro |status
-Early |recognition |important
Contusions |found |w/ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Violent |head |trauma |seen |w/ |severe |car |
crashes |& |rollovers, |crimes |of |violence |aimed |at |head, |& |abuse |such |as |shaken |baby |syndrome
Coup |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Initial |force |from |impact |causes |brain |to |strike |inner |surface |of |
skull
, Countrecoup |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Rebound |of |brain |against |skull
Epidural |hematoma |(EDH) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Occurs |when |head |injury |causes |rupture |
of |middle |meningeal |artery
| ~Leads |to |hematoma |formation |between |dura |& |skull.
| ~NEUROLOGICAL |EMERGENCY!!!
| ~Hematoma |develops |very |quickly!
| ~Leads |to |quick |deterioration |of |individual's |neurological |status
-Early |recognition |& |intervention |of |upmost |importance!
-Common |result |from |basilar |& |temporal |skull |fx.
EDH |S/S |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Can |mimic |concussion
-Brief |loss |of |consciousness |followed |by |lucid |period |w/ |HA
-HA |may |become |intractable |if |not |recognized |quickly
Tx. |of |EDH |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Emergent |surgical |evacuation |of |hematoma
Subdural |hematoma |(SDH) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Rupture |of |cortical |veins |bridging |
subdural |space
| ~Leads |to |hematoma |formation |between |dura |& |brain
-Develops |slow |(venous |bleed)
-Spreads |thinly |& |widely
-May |be |a |complication |of |shunt |placement
Pt. |wont |exhibit |s/s |of |increased |ICP |w/ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Subdural |hematoma |d/t |
small |amount |of |bleeding
Correct Answers
TBI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |injury |that |results |in |trauma |to |scalp, |skull, |or |brain
Pediatric |Differences |w/ |TBI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--children |have |larger |head |mass |& |body |
surface |area
-greater |head |mass |makes |them |top |heavy |& |increases |momentum |w/ |falls
-weaker |neck |muscles
-open |suture |lines |& |fontanelles |~18 |months |of |age
| ~allows |for |slight |expansion |to |an |extent |d/t |cerebral |edema |early |in |head |injury
Causes: |TBI |- |Falls |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Leading |cause |of |TBI
Other |causes |of |TBI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--MVAs
-Struck |by |objects
-Abuse/assault
-Suicide |attempts
-Other: |
| ~intoxication
| ~DKA, |stroke, |heart |attacks, |& |seizures
Linear |Fracture |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Straight |line |crack |in |skull
-Heals |in |3-4 |months
-Pt. |needs |follow |up |x-rays |to |ensure |proper |healing
,Linear |fracture: |hospital |care |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Pt. |admitted |overnight |for |obs. |& |neuro
|checks
Depressed |Fracture |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Causes |fragments |to |indent |inward |towards |
brain
-NEUROLOGICAL |EMERGENCY
| ~Fragments |cause |tearing |& |increase |pressure |on |brain
| ~Pt. |needs |surgery |immediately |to |lift |fragments |& |reduce |ICP
| ~Fracture |uncommon |before |age |2 |b/c |cant |generate |enough |speed |to |hit |head |hard |enough |
| ~Injury |must |be |forceful |enough |for |child |to |have |(MVA |or |abuse)
Basilar |skull |fracture |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Linear |fracture |that |occurs |at |base |of |skull
-Bone |fragments |penetrate |PARANASAL |SINUSES |& |MIDDLE |EAR |SPACES
| ~Leads |to |bleeding |& |CSF |leakage |from |nose |& |ears
-Fracture |has |high |incidence |of |POSTTRAUMATIC |MENINGITIS |(infection |in |brain |area)
CSF |appearance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Serosanguinous
-Contains |glucose
Basilar |skull |fracture: |S/S |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Raccoon |eyes |(bruising |around |eyes)
-Battle |sign |(bruising |behind |ear |of |injured |side)
With |basilar |skull |fracture, |do |not |place |a |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-NG |Tube!
Concussion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Violent |jarring/shaking |of |brain |soft |tissue |that |results |in |
disturbance |of |brain |function
,How |does |concussion |occur? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Individual |hits |head: |initial |impact. |
Force |from |impact |causes |brain |to |strike |inner |surface |of |skull |& |rebound |against |opposite |
side |of |skull.
-Individual |has |brief |loss |of |consciousness.
| ~Can |be |a |few |seconds |to |a |few |minutes. |After, |individual |will |be |dazed |& |confused.
-Individual |will |also |have |memory |loss/amnesia
S&S |of |concussion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Brief |loss |of |cons.
-Dazed |& |confused
-Memory |loss/amnesia
Retrograde |amnesia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Loss |long-term |of |memory
Anterograde |amnesia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Loss |of |short-term |memory
Children |w/ |concussion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--No |aspirin/ibuprofen |for |first |48 |hrs. |after |
injury!
-No |strenuous |activity
Contusion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Bruising |& |tearing |of |cerebral |tissue
-Causes |quick |deterioration |of |neuro |status
-Early |recognition |important
Contusions |found |w/ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Violent |head |trauma |seen |w/ |severe |car |
crashes |& |rollovers, |crimes |of |violence |aimed |at |head, |& |abuse |such |as |shaken |baby |syndrome
Coup |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Initial |force |from |impact |causes |brain |to |strike |inner |surface |of |
skull
, Countrecoup |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Rebound |of |brain |against |skull
Epidural |hematoma |(EDH) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Occurs |when |head |injury |causes |rupture |
of |middle |meningeal |artery
| ~Leads |to |hematoma |formation |between |dura |& |skull.
| ~NEUROLOGICAL |EMERGENCY!!!
| ~Hematoma |develops |very |quickly!
| ~Leads |to |quick |deterioration |of |individual's |neurological |status
-Early |recognition |& |intervention |of |upmost |importance!
-Common |result |from |basilar |& |temporal |skull |fx.
EDH |S/S |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Can |mimic |concussion
-Brief |loss |of |consciousness |followed |by |lucid |period |w/ |HA
-HA |may |become |intractable |if |not |recognized |quickly
Tx. |of |EDH |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Emergent |surgical |evacuation |of |hematoma
Subdural |hematoma |(SDH) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Rupture |of |cortical |veins |bridging |
subdural |space
| ~Leads |to |hematoma |formation |between |dura |& |brain
-Develops |slow |(venous |bleed)
-Spreads |thinly |& |widely
-May |be |a |complication |of |shunt |placement
Pt. |wont |exhibit |s/s |of |increased |ICP |w/ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Subdural |hematoma |d/t |
small |amount |of |bleeding
