1. Which of the following is not a recognized characteristic of protein-coding genes as
observed in the human genome?
Incorrect:
Introns are roughly 200 bp in length, but exon sizes vary to result in protein diversity.
Correct:
Some chromosomes are gene-rich, while others are gene poor.
Protein-coding genes are diversified due to duplication and divergence.
Gene regions may partially overlap or even occur entirely within introns of other genes.
Exons are roughly 200 bp in length, but intron sizes may vary to result in protein diversity.
2. Suppose two genetic markers occur 1 cM away from each other on a specific human
chromosome. What is the probability that there will be recombination between these
markers in 10 generations?
0.1
3. Which mechanism can separate SNPs when they occur on the same chromosome?
Recombination.
4. Populations with relatively low levels of variation suggest a history of ___
Population bottleneck.
5. It is difficult to define the ‘species concept’ in prokaryotes because of their ___
Ability to undergo horizontal gene transfer.
6. Which of the following statements is correct regarding genome sizes?
There is a general correlation between organism complexity and the amount of DNA per cell.
There is a general correlation between organism complexity and estimated number of
genes.
Within groups of related organisms, including vertebrates, there is no simple correlation
between apparent organism complexity, or even genome size, and numbers of genes.
7. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the identification of eukaryotic
genes?
Incorrect:
, All internal exons begin immediately after a GT splice signal and end immediately before a
AG splice signal.
Correct:
All internal exons begin immediately after an AG splice signal and end immediately before a
GT splice signal.
The last (3’) exon ends with a stop codon, followed by a polyadenylation.
Occasionally, a noncoding exon precedes the exon that contains the initiator codon or
follows the 3’ exon that contains the stop codon.
All coding regions have non-random sequence characteristics, based partly on codon usage
preferences.
All exons, except the last exon, are free of inframe stop codons.
8. If the number of non-synonymous substitutions (Ka) is compared to the number of
synonymous substitutions (Ks) and the subsequent ratio is >>1 then that is regarded as
evidence of ___
Positive selection.
9. Which of the following mechanisms does not regulate translation in eukaryotes?
Incorrect:
Changes in patterns of DNA methylation associated with changes in the structure of
chromatin.
Correct:
Splicing factors that interact with the transcripts of specific exons (or even introns) and
interact with the splicing machinery to direct maturation of the mRNA.
Degradation of specific mRNA variants by miRNAs and siRNAs, which may repress the
translation of specific splice variants.
10. Singer and Hickey (2003) compared genome sequences from 40 prokaryotes including
eight archaea and 32 bacteria, with growth temperatures ranging from 18 - 97ᵒC. From this
study, it emerged that ___
Genomic G+C content is not correlated with growth temperature.
Codon usage patterns are correlated with growth temperature.
G+C content of non-protein coding RNA is correlated with growth temperature, especially in
double-stranded regions.
i) Following studies of Morgan and Sturtevant , we now refer to a unit length in a gene map as the
Morgan (M) , defined by the relation that (1 )
1 cM (cent iMorgan) cor responds to a 1% recombinat ion frequency.
observed in the human genome?
Incorrect:
Introns are roughly 200 bp in length, but exon sizes vary to result in protein diversity.
Correct:
Some chromosomes are gene-rich, while others are gene poor.
Protein-coding genes are diversified due to duplication and divergence.
Gene regions may partially overlap or even occur entirely within introns of other genes.
Exons are roughly 200 bp in length, but intron sizes may vary to result in protein diversity.
2. Suppose two genetic markers occur 1 cM away from each other on a specific human
chromosome. What is the probability that there will be recombination between these
markers in 10 generations?
0.1
3. Which mechanism can separate SNPs when they occur on the same chromosome?
Recombination.
4. Populations with relatively low levels of variation suggest a history of ___
Population bottleneck.
5. It is difficult to define the ‘species concept’ in prokaryotes because of their ___
Ability to undergo horizontal gene transfer.
6. Which of the following statements is correct regarding genome sizes?
There is a general correlation between organism complexity and the amount of DNA per cell.
There is a general correlation between organism complexity and estimated number of
genes.
Within groups of related organisms, including vertebrates, there is no simple correlation
between apparent organism complexity, or even genome size, and numbers of genes.
7. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the identification of eukaryotic
genes?
Incorrect:
, All internal exons begin immediately after a GT splice signal and end immediately before a
AG splice signal.
Correct:
All internal exons begin immediately after an AG splice signal and end immediately before a
GT splice signal.
The last (3’) exon ends with a stop codon, followed by a polyadenylation.
Occasionally, a noncoding exon precedes the exon that contains the initiator codon or
follows the 3’ exon that contains the stop codon.
All coding regions have non-random sequence characteristics, based partly on codon usage
preferences.
All exons, except the last exon, are free of inframe stop codons.
8. If the number of non-synonymous substitutions (Ka) is compared to the number of
synonymous substitutions (Ks) and the subsequent ratio is >>1 then that is regarded as
evidence of ___
Positive selection.
9. Which of the following mechanisms does not regulate translation in eukaryotes?
Incorrect:
Changes in patterns of DNA methylation associated with changes in the structure of
chromatin.
Correct:
Splicing factors that interact with the transcripts of specific exons (or even introns) and
interact with the splicing machinery to direct maturation of the mRNA.
Degradation of specific mRNA variants by miRNAs and siRNAs, which may repress the
translation of specific splice variants.
10. Singer and Hickey (2003) compared genome sequences from 40 prokaryotes including
eight archaea and 32 bacteria, with growth temperatures ranging from 18 - 97ᵒC. From this
study, it emerged that ___
Genomic G+C content is not correlated with growth temperature.
Codon usage patterns are correlated with growth temperature.
G+C content of non-protein coding RNA is correlated with growth temperature, especially in
double-stranded regions.
i) Following studies of Morgan and Sturtevant , we now refer to a unit length in a gene map as the
Morgan (M) , defined by the relation that (1 )
1 cM (cent iMorgan) cor responds to a 1% recombinat ion frequency.
