AQA A Level Biology Paper 1
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1. Water removed from the reactants join- Condensation
ing two molecules together forming a
chemical bond
2. The addition of water to the reactants to Hydrolysis
break a chemical bond between 2 mole-
cules
3. 1. Add Benedict's reagent. 2. Heat the Test for Reducing Sugars (3)
solution in a water bath for 5 minutes at
95 degrees Celsius. 3. Change from blue
to brick red as CuO formed
4. Smaller units from which larger mole- Monomer
cules are made
5. 1. Add 2cm³ of food sample then add Non-Reducing Sugars (2)
2cm³ of dilute HCl and heat.
2. Add 2cm³ of NaHCO3 then do test for
reducing sugars.
6. Add drops of iodine to starch solution. Test for Starch (1)
Colour change to blue-black
7. 1. Mix Test solution with ethanol. Test for Lipids (3)
2. Shake for 1 minute then add water.
3. Cloudy white emulsion
8. 1. Obtain equal volumes of test solution Test for Proteins (2)
and NaOH then add a few drops of biuret
solution (dilute copper (II) sulphate solu-
tion).
2. Colour change to mauve/purple
, AQA A Level Biology Paper 1
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9. 1. Very high resolution. Transmission Electron Microscope (5)
2. Needs thin and dead specimen.
3. Artefacts can occur (remnant left on
object during prep, such as air bubbles)
4. Uses magnets to focus on specimen
5. Uses electrons fired at sample.
6. Is not in colour
10. 1. Inhibitor is similar in shape to sub- Competitive inhibition (2)
strate so it impermanently binds to the
active site.
2. Prevents ESC from forming, slowing
rate
11. 1. Molecule will bind to allosteric site. Non-competitive inhibition (3)
2. Binding causes a change in active site.
3. Permanently preventing further ESC.
12. 1. DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen DNA Replication: Semiconservative (4)
bonds between the base pairs
2. 2 single strands formed as the double
helix "unzips".
3. Free DNA nucleotides in the nucleo-
plasm bond to the complementary bases
on the strand.
4. DNA polymerase forms phosphodi-
ester bonds between adjacent DNA nu-
cleotides via condensation reaction with
the hydrolysis of ATP, forming the phos-
phate backbone
13.
, AQA A Level Biology Paper 1
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1. ATP stores or releases only a small Describe 6 properties of ATP that make it a
amount of energy at a time, so no energy good energy source. (6)
is wasted as heat.
2. Small and soluble so easily transport-
ed
3. Easily broken down, so energy is re-
leased instantaneously
4. Can be quickly re-made
5. Can make other molecules more reac-
tive via phosphorylation
6. ATP can't pass out of cell, so the cell al-
ways has an immediate supply of energy.
14. Prevents the cell from drying out. Allows Slime capsule (2)
bacteria to stick to each other
15. Used for attachment of a cell to a surface Fimbria
16. Involved in bacterial conjugation Pilli
17. Invagination of cell membrane. Site of Mesosome
cell respiration (prokaryotes)
18. The ability to distinguish two points Resolution
apart
19. 1. Lower resolution than TEM Scanning Electron Microscope
2. 3D image
3. Does not require thin samples
20. The mass of organelles at the bottom of Pellet
the test tube after centrifugation.
21.
, AQA A Level Biology Paper 1
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Cold. Low temperature slows enzyme ac- Solution Required for cell fractionation (6
tivity, minimising self digestion by reduc- Marks)
ing metabolic rate. Isotonic. Salt and sug-
ar concentration kept the same, minimis-
ing organelle size change due to osmo-
sis. Buffered. Minimum changes in pH,
so prevents enzymes in organelles dena-
turing.
22. 1. Homogenisation. Breaking up cells Separation of Organelles From The Cells (4)
by blending the sample to create a ho-
mogenate.
2. Filtering. Filtering the large, unwanted
sil, producing the filtrate.
3. Ultracentrifugation. Spin in a cen-
trifuge so components separate out by
weight. Heavier near the bottom of the
tube.
4. Supernatant is removed and spun
again at higher speed.
23. The solution not including the pellet at Supernatant
the bottom of the test tube after centrifu-
gation.
24. 1. Cell wall forms, dividing the two genet- Binary Fission 3
ically identical daughter cells.
2. Same circular DNA.
25. Nuclei, Chloroplasts, Mitochondria, Lyso- Order of Organelles
somes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribo-
somes
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_huu73c
1. Water removed from the reactants join- Condensation
ing two molecules together forming a
chemical bond
2. The addition of water to the reactants to Hydrolysis
break a chemical bond between 2 mole-
cules
3. 1. Add Benedict's reagent. 2. Heat the Test for Reducing Sugars (3)
solution in a water bath for 5 minutes at
95 degrees Celsius. 3. Change from blue
to brick red as CuO formed
4. Smaller units from which larger mole- Monomer
cules are made
5. 1. Add 2cm³ of food sample then add Non-Reducing Sugars (2)
2cm³ of dilute HCl and heat.
2. Add 2cm³ of NaHCO3 then do test for
reducing sugars.
6. Add drops of iodine to starch solution. Test for Starch (1)
Colour change to blue-black
7. 1. Mix Test solution with ethanol. Test for Lipids (3)
2. Shake for 1 minute then add water.
3. Cloudy white emulsion
8. 1. Obtain equal volumes of test solution Test for Proteins (2)
and NaOH then add a few drops of biuret
solution (dilute copper (II) sulphate solu-
tion).
2. Colour change to mauve/purple
, AQA A Level Biology Paper 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_huu73c
9. 1. Very high resolution. Transmission Electron Microscope (5)
2. Needs thin and dead specimen.
3. Artefacts can occur (remnant left on
object during prep, such as air bubbles)
4. Uses magnets to focus on specimen
5. Uses electrons fired at sample.
6. Is not in colour
10. 1. Inhibitor is similar in shape to sub- Competitive inhibition (2)
strate so it impermanently binds to the
active site.
2. Prevents ESC from forming, slowing
rate
11. 1. Molecule will bind to allosteric site. Non-competitive inhibition (3)
2. Binding causes a change in active site.
3. Permanently preventing further ESC.
12. 1. DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen DNA Replication: Semiconservative (4)
bonds between the base pairs
2. 2 single strands formed as the double
helix "unzips".
3. Free DNA nucleotides in the nucleo-
plasm bond to the complementary bases
on the strand.
4. DNA polymerase forms phosphodi-
ester bonds between adjacent DNA nu-
cleotides via condensation reaction with
the hydrolysis of ATP, forming the phos-
phate backbone
13.
, AQA A Level Biology Paper 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_huu73c
1. ATP stores or releases only a small Describe 6 properties of ATP that make it a
amount of energy at a time, so no energy good energy source. (6)
is wasted as heat.
2. Small and soluble so easily transport-
ed
3. Easily broken down, so energy is re-
leased instantaneously
4. Can be quickly re-made
5. Can make other molecules more reac-
tive via phosphorylation
6. ATP can't pass out of cell, so the cell al-
ways has an immediate supply of energy.
14. Prevents the cell from drying out. Allows Slime capsule (2)
bacteria to stick to each other
15. Used for attachment of a cell to a surface Fimbria
16. Involved in bacterial conjugation Pilli
17. Invagination of cell membrane. Site of Mesosome
cell respiration (prokaryotes)
18. The ability to distinguish two points Resolution
apart
19. 1. Lower resolution than TEM Scanning Electron Microscope
2. 3D image
3. Does not require thin samples
20. The mass of organelles at the bottom of Pellet
the test tube after centrifugation.
21.
, AQA A Level Biology Paper 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_huu73c
Cold. Low temperature slows enzyme ac- Solution Required for cell fractionation (6
tivity, minimising self digestion by reduc- Marks)
ing metabolic rate. Isotonic. Salt and sug-
ar concentration kept the same, minimis-
ing organelle size change due to osmo-
sis. Buffered. Minimum changes in pH,
so prevents enzymes in organelles dena-
turing.
22. 1. Homogenisation. Breaking up cells Separation of Organelles From The Cells (4)
by blending the sample to create a ho-
mogenate.
2. Filtering. Filtering the large, unwanted
sil, producing the filtrate.
3. Ultracentrifugation. Spin in a cen-
trifuge so components separate out by
weight. Heavier near the bottom of the
tube.
4. Supernatant is removed and spun
again at higher speed.
23. The solution not including the pellet at Supernatant
the bottom of the test tube after centrifu-
gation.
24. 1. Cell wall forms, dividing the two genet- Binary Fission 3
ically identical daughter cells.
2. Same circular DNA.
25. Nuclei, Chloroplasts, Mitochondria, Lyso- Order of Organelles
somes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribo-
somes
