NSG 3370 - Exam 2 questions with answers

NSG 3370 - Exam 2 questions with |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




answers


Why is water a major component of the body?
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It is essential to homeostasis, a place for metabolic reactions,
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transportation system for the body, and it facilitating movements |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


of body parts
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What are the different fluid compartments?
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Intracellular compartment (ICF) and extracellular compartment
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(ECF)




Intracellular compartment |\




Fluid inside the cells
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Extracellular compartment (ECF) |\ |\




Fluid outside cells |\ |\




What does the extracellular compartment consist of?
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,Intravascular fluid (IVF), interstitial fluid (ISF), and cerebrospinal
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fluid (CSF)
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How does the body balance water and electrolytes?
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Through thirst, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone
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(atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and T-type natriuretic peptide)
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How do antidiuretic hormones regulate water and electrolyte
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balance?
Through reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules
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How does aldosterone regulate water and electrolyte balance?
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Through reabsorption of sodium and water
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How does fluid circulate throughout the body?
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Via filtration and osmosis
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How does water move between compartments?
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Via hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure
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,Osmolality
Concentration of osmotic solution, a lab value (measurable)|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Changes in what measurement can cause water to move to
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different compartments? |\




Osmolality




What contributes to the change in osmolality?
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Sodium and sodium controlled by hormone aldosterone
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How does fluid move in osmosis?
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From areas of low osmolality to areas of high osmolality
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Tonicity
A relative measure of osmolality in IV fluid
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What are the different IV fluids?
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Hypotonic intravenous fluid, hypertonic intravenous fluid, isotonic
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intravenous fluid
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, Hypotonic intravenous fluid |\ |\




Water moves from plasma to interstitial space and is used to
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treat patients with conditions causing intracellular dehydration
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Hypertonic intravenous fluid |\ |\




Water moves from intracellular to extracellular space, causing
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cell dehydration and increasing fluid in the extracellular space
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Isotonic intravenous fluid |\ |\




No fluid shift, used for IV hydration - also useful in electrolyte
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replacement (NS and LR) |\ |\ |\




Edema
Excessive amount of fluid in the interstitial compartment that can
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cause swelling or enlargement of tissue, may impair tissue
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perfusion, may trap drugs in ISF and it can be localized or
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throughout the body |\ |\




What are the primary causes of edema?
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