NR 570 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE|QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS|LATEST 2025/2026|GUARANTEED A+

NR 570 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE|QUESTIONS
AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS|LATEST
2025/2026|GUARANTEED A+

What is nephrolithiasis? - ANSWER
B B B B renal calculi (kidney stones)
B B B




How does Renal calculi form? -
B B B B B



B ANSWER formed d/t elevated levels of minerals in the body
B B B B B B B B




What minerals in excess can cause renal calculi? -
B B B B B B B B



B ANSWER calcium oxalate (most common),
B B B B




phosphate B




uric acidB




struvite

cystine



Urolithiasis - ANSWER B B stone in the bladder B B B




Ureterolithiasis - ANSWER B B condition of stones in the ureter B B B B B




Risk Factor & complications of renal calculi - ANSWER
B B B -Male, 20- B B B B B B



50yo, previous stones, obesity, HTN, diabetes, low fluid intake.
B B B B B B B B




-complications of stones: obstructions, pyelonephritis (kidney infection), CKD
B B B B B B B




Classic Kidney stone presentation -
B B B B



B ANSWER acute onset of severe, colicky flank pain that wax and wane in intensity.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B




Severe pain is associated with the movement of the stone and can cause n/v.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B




pt may seem anxious and unable to sit still
B B B B B B B B




1

,history and physical for nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) -
B B B B B B B



ANSWER
B Irritative Bladder symptoms - B B B



dysuria (painful or difficulty urinating), urgency, & frequency
B B B B B B B




Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity
B B B B B B B B B B




Radiation of pain into the groin B B B B B B




Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness B B B B




Hematuria B




Diaphoretic, tachycardic, appear extremely uncomfortable
B B B B




CVA tenderness tell your the stone is located where? -
B B B B B B B B B



B ANSWER caused by passing of the stone through the ureter with obstruction & spasm
B B B B B B B B B B B B




Where is the stone located if the patient has pain in the groin region? -
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B



ANSWER
B pain that radiates downward into the groin indicates the stone has passed int
B B B B B B B B B B B B



o the lower third of the ureter
B B B B B B




Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity means the stone is located wh
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B



ere? - ANSWER
B B stones in renal pelvis B B B




Differential Diagnosis for abdominal pain and/or flank pain: -
B B B B B B B B



B ANSWER Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) B B




Pyelonephritis (kidney infection) B B




Ectopic pregnancy B




Ovarian or testicular torsion
B B B




Appendicitis

Bowel obstruction
B




Diverticulitis

Rupture of aortic aneurysm B B B




2

,Right lower abdominal tenderness with a +Blumberg sign. What should be suspected? -
B B B B B B B B B B B B



B ANSWER Blumberg sign: Rebound tenderness in the RLQ, caused by acute peritonitis.
B B B B B B B B B B




*Appendicitis



What labs do we run to diagnose a kidney stone? -
B B B B B B B B B B



B ANSWER UA dipstick, urine microscopy and urine C&S
B B B B B B




Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) to assess renal function.
B B B B B B B B B B B




What radiology methods are preferred for outpatient treatment and why -
B B B B B B B B B B



B ANSWER inexpensive, easily accessible. in combo its more practical B B B B B B B




-KUB xray B




-Renal Ultrasound B




What stones can be seen on a KUB?
B B B B B B B




What stone can you not see on a KUB - ANSWER
B B B B B B B B B B CAN see: Calcium oxalate -
B B B B



most common type of stone
B B B B B




CANNOT see: uric acid stones (radio translucent)
B B B B B B




What is a Renal Ultrasound used for when testing for kidney stones? -
B B B B B B B B B B B B



BANSWER good for assessing for hydronephrosis (excess fluid in the kidney d/t back up o
B B B B B B B B B B B B B



f urine that can be caused by an obstruction). Bad for identifying a stone.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B




What is the GOLD STANDARD for diagnosing a kidney stone? - ANSWER
B B B B B B B B B B B Non-
contrast CT scan. B B




Goal of renal calculi treatment - ANSWER
B B B B B B focused on symptomatic relief
B B B




pain medications -NSAID or narcs
B B B B




antiemetics -n/v B




3

, facilitate stone passage-Thiazide diuretics, alpha-
B B B B



blockers or calcium channel blockers to help facilitate the passage of a stone. Terazosin -
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B



alpha blockers used for BPH.
B B B B




<5 mm renal calculi can -
B B B B B



B ANSWER be passed through the urine. may only require NSAIDs for management.
B B B B B B B B B B




>5 mm renal calculi requires what? - ANSWER
B B B B B B B urology consult.B




this may cause an obstruction or kidney failure.
B B B B B B B




this type of stone may need surgical intervention to be removed.
B B B B B B B B B B




when is a Urology Referral indicated? - ANSWER
B B B B B B B stone > 5mm B B




recurrent stones B




When is a hospital admission appropriates for a patient with nephrolithiasis? -
B B B B B B B B B B B



B ANSWER Hospital admission is indicated when:
B B B B




-Inability to control pain B B B




-Impaired renal function with an obstructing stone
B B B B B B




-Infection (pyelonephritis or sepsis) B B B




-Intractable n/v B




What does a 24 hour urine collection analyze? - ANSWER
B B B B B B B B B -total volume
B




-urine pH B




-calcium oxalate B




-uric acid B




-citrate

-sodium

-potassium

-creatinine

4