ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 (EXAM 1) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 (EXAM
1) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
anatomy - correct answer-
studies the structure of the body parts and their relationship to one another



physiology - correct answer-
studies the function of the body (how the body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities
)



gross or macroscopic anatomy - correct answer-
study the anatomical structures that can be see at naked eye

-lungs, kidney, heart



regional anatomy - correct answer-
all structures in a particular region of the body are studied together



systematic anatomy - correct answer-the body structure is studied system by system



surface anatomy - correct answer-
study the internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface



microscopic anatomy - correct answer-study the internal structures that cannot be seen at naked eye

-cells, tissues



cytology - correct answer-study the cells of the body



histology - correct answer-study the tissues of the body



developmental anatomy - correct answer-traces the structural changes that occur during the lifespan

,embryology - correct answer-study the developmental changes that occur before birth



renal physiology - correct answer-kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra



neurophysiology - correct answer-brain, nerves, spinal cord



cardiovascular physiology - correct answer-heart, blood vessels, blood



maintain boundaries: plasma membrane - correct answer-
selectively restricts the diffusion of solutes into the cell



intracellular - correct answer-in the cell



extracellular - correct answer-out the cell

-blood plasma, interstitial



maintaining boundaries: skin - correct answer-
maintaining internal humidity, protection against infections, heat, and chemicals



movement - correct answer-
uses the capacity of the muscular cells to constrict and the skeletal system to provide support



responsiveness - correct answer-
capacity of the organisms to sense changes on the environment(stimulus) and respond to them (nerv
ous and excitable cells)



digestion - correct answer--performed by the digestive system

-
breaking down the food indigested into simpler compounds the can be absorbed and transported by t
he blood

, metabolism l - l correct l answer-chemical l reactions l that l occur l within l the l cell



catabolism l- l correct lanswer-breaking ldown l substances l into l simpler l chemical l compounds



anabolism l- lcorrect lanswer-synthesizing lmore lcomplex lsubstances, lincluding lenergy-
lreaching lmolecules(ATP) lfrom lsimpler lchemical lcompounds




excretion l- lcorrect lanswer-removing lwaster(excreta) lfrom lthe lbody

-digestive lsystem= lfood lresidues(feces)

-urinary lsystem= lnitrogen lwastes(urine)

-respiratory land lcardiovascular= lCO2



reproduction l- lcorrect lanswer--cellular: l cell ldivision(mitosis land lmeiosis)

-
organism: lperformed lby lthe lreproductive lsystem; lfeminine land lmasculine. lEgg(ova) lfertilization lby
lthe lsperm




growth l - l correct l answer-
increase l in l the l size l of l a l body l part l of l the l organism l as l a l whole, l usually l by l increasing l the
l number l of l ce llls




the lhuman lbody lneeds to lsurvive l- lcorrect lanswer-
- lnutrients(carbs, lproteins,fats,vitamins,and lminerals)

-oxygen

-water(50-60% l of l the l body l weight)

-proper ltemperature(37^C lor l98.6^F)

-proper l atmospheric l pressure



homeostasis l- lcorrect lanswer-maintenance lof lthe linternal lconditions ldespite lenvironmental lchanges

-dynamic l equilibrium