MU NURSE 611- ADVANCED PATHO -
EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS &
VERIFIED ANSWERS
hyperthyroidism - correct answer ✔✔Graves disease - form of type II hypersensitivity;
stimulation of thyroid by autoantibodies directed against the TSH receptor; the TSI stimulation
of TSH receptors results in hyperplasia of the gland (goiter) and increased synthesis of TH
hyperpituitarism - correct answer ✔✔pituitary adenomas - benign slow-growing tumors; may
cause neurologic/secretory defects; secretes hormone of cell type without regard to physiologic
needs and without benefit of regulatory feedback mechanisms; pressure produced is also
associated with decreased function of neighboring anterior pituitary cells = hyposecretion of
other anterior pituitary hormones
hypothyroidism - correct answer ✔✔decreased energy metabolism
primary - loss of functional thyroid tissue, leads to decreased production of TH; Hashimoto's
disease. iatrogenic loss of thyroid tissue, radiation, medications, iodine deficiency
hypoparathyroidism - correct answer ✔✔decreased calcium levels = PTH increases osteoclastic
activity
increased calcium levels = PTH secretes suppressed
caused by damage to the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery
diabetes insipidus - correct answer ✔✔result of insufficient ADH; criteria includes polyuria,
polydipsia, hypernatremia, high serum osmolality
, diabetic ketoacidosis - correct answer ✔✔results from dehydration during a state of profound
insulin deficiency; symptoms include Kussmaul respirations, postural dizziness; CNS depression,
ketonuria, thirst, and polyuria
pH 7.36
PaCO2 25 mmHg
CHO3 9 mEq/L
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS) - correct answer ✔✔precipitated by
infections, medications, nonadherence, or coexisting disease; differs in degree of insulin
deficiency and degree of fluid deficiency
hypoglycemia - correct answer ✔✔less than 45-60 mg/dl
microvascular disease - correct answer ✔✔disease in capillaries; leading cause of blindness,
end-stage renal failure, and various neuropathies; thickening of capillary basement membrane,
endothelial cell hyperplasia, and thrombosis = results in decreased tissue perfusion
macrovascular disease - correct answer ✔✔increases risk of accelerated atherosclerosis and MI,
stroke, PVD; DM patients have higher mortality because they are often asymptomatic as a result
of sensory and autonomic neuropathy
SIADH - correct answer ✔✔high levels of ADH; absence of normal physiologic stimuli; symptoms
result from hypotonic hyponatremia and are associated with hypervolemia and weight gain
Addison's disase - correct answer ✔✔inadequate corticosteroid and mineralcorticoid synthesis,
elevated serum ACTH levels; result of hypocortisolism and hypoaldosteronism
Cushing disease - correct answer ✔✔do not have diurnal or circadian secretion patterns of
ACTH and cortisol; do not increase ACTH and cortisol secretion in response to a stressor
EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS &
VERIFIED ANSWERS
hyperthyroidism - correct answer ✔✔Graves disease - form of type II hypersensitivity;
stimulation of thyroid by autoantibodies directed against the TSH receptor; the TSI stimulation
of TSH receptors results in hyperplasia of the gland (goiter) and increased synthesis of TH
hyperpituitarism - correct answer ✔✔pituitary adenomas - benign slow-growing tumors; may
cause neurologic/secretory defects; secretes hormone of cell type without regard to physiologic
needs and without benefit of regulatory feedback mechanisms; pressure produced is also
associated with decreased function of neighboring anterior pituitary cells = hyposecretion of
other anterior pituitary hormones
hypothyroidism - correct answer ✔✔decreased energy metabolism
primary - loss of functional thyroid tissue, leads to decreased production of TH; Hashimoto's
disease. iatrogenic loss of thyroid tissue, radiation, medications, iodine deficiency
hypoparathyroidism - correct answer ✔✔decreased calcium levels = PTH increases osteoclastic
activity
increased calcium levels = PTH secretes suppressed
caused by damage to the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery
diabetes insipidus - correct answer ✔✔result of insufficient ADH; criteria includes polyuria,
polydipsia, hypernatremia, high serum osmolality
, diabetic ketoacidosis - correct answer ✔✔results from dehydration during a state of profound
insulin deficiency; symptoms include Kussmaul respirations, postural dizziness; CNS depression,
ketonuria, thirst, and polyuria
pH 7.36
PaCO2 25 mmHg
CHO3 9 mEq/L
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS) - correct answer ✔✔precipitated by
infections, medications, nonadherence, or coexisting disease; differs in degree of insulin
deficiency and degree of fluid deficiency
hypoglycemia - correct answer ✔✔less than 45-60 mg/dl
microvascular disease - correct answer ✔✔disease in capillaries; leading cause of blindness,
end-stage renal failure, and various neuropathies; thickening of capillary basement membrane,
endothelial cell hyperplasia, and thrombosis = results in decreased tissue perfusion
macrovascular disease - correct answer ✔✔increases risk of accelerated atherosclerosis and MI,
stroke, PVD; DM patients have higher mortality because they are often asymptomatic as a result
of sensory and autonomic neuropathy
SIADH - correct answer ✔✔high levels of ADH; absence of normal physiologic stimuli; symptoms
result from hypotonic hyponatremia and are associated with hypervolemia and weight gain
Addison's disase - correct answer ✔✔inadequate corticosteroid and mineralcorticoid synthesis,
elevated serum ACTH levels; result of hypocortisolism and hypoaldosteronism
Cushing disease - correct answer ✔✔do not have diurnal or circadian secretion patterns of
ACTH and cortisol; do not increase ACTH and cortisol secretion in response to a stressor
