BSC1005 Biodiversity Exam |Questions and Answers
Biodiversity - -The variety of life, and can refer to: habitat, species and genetic diversity,
etc..
-Developmental Diversity - -Differences in cells within the body
-Genetic Biodiversity - -Differences in genes
-Geographical Biodiversity - -Differences in life between geographical regions
-Vast Number in species of life - -There are between 1.5 and 2 million named species of
living things on earth. Plants-300,000 Fungi-100,000 Bacteria and Protista-100,000
Vertebrates-50,000 Insects-950,000
-Species - -A population or group of populations of organisms that are very similar to one
another(share a recent evolutionary history)
-Important components of species - -The ability to interbreed
-Lennean system of classification - -Binomial names(two names)
-Genus Species - -ex. Homo sapiens(humans)... homo is the genus name and sapiens is the
species
-Species Richness - -The number of species occurring in a particular area
-Species Diversity - -combination of number of species and relative number of individuals
of each species
-Diversity of species throughout the world - -Species are NOT spread evenly throughout
the world, ex. tropical areas typically have more species than temperate ones
-Ecosystems - -Combination of both biotic and abiotic factors
-Ecosystem Services - -Something such as oxygen, fresh water, or food that is provided by
an ecosystem by its species
-Genomics - -The new use of the comparative method
-Genome - -entire set of genetic material in a cell
-Allele - -particular version of a gene
-Source of Genetic variation - -individuals having different alleles
, -Human Impact on biodiversity - -Is negative due to human interactions such as pollution,
agriculture, etc
-World Event taking place due to negative human impact on biodiversity - -Going into the
world's 6th mass extinction event. current extinction rates are between 10 and 100 times
higher than those estimated from the fossil record
-Populational thinking - --Is a way of looking at the world. Views people, animals, bacteria,
cities,etc. as being parts of a population of similar things
-Individuals are being influenced by many factors so it can be hard to say the cause of
something is
-Typologically - -assigns different things to categories
-Evolution - -based on the variation with natural selection being the primary mechanism
of evolution. characteristics that help organisms surviveand reproduce will become
prevalent in that environment.
-Three that must take place for evolution to occur - --competition(more born than
survive)
-inheritance(pass traits to offspring)
-variation(individuals all have different traits)
-Charles Darwin - -Traveled to the galapagos. This where came up with the idea of
evolution/
-Darwin's two main ideas - --descent with modification
-natural selection
-Evidence of evolution - --Life on islands
-Homology
-Fossil Record
-Alfred Wallace - -Learned about biodiversity by traveling through the Amazon and
Southeast Asia
-Stabilizing selection - -genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes on a
particular trait value
-Distruptive selection - -Population tend to diverge into two different groups
-Directional selection - -common in response to change in environment
-Reproductive Isolation - -Allows for independent evolution
Biodiversity - -The variety of life, and can refer to: habitat, species and genetic diversity,
etc..
-Developmental Diversity - -Differences in cells within the body
-Genetic Biodiversity - -Differences in genes
-Geographical Biodiversity - -Differences in life between geographical regions
-Vast Number in species of life - -There are between 1.5 and 2 million named species of
living things on earth. Plants-300,000 Fungi-100,000 Bacteria and Protista-100,000
Vertebrates-50,000 Insects-950,000
-Species - -A population or group of populations of organisms that are very similar to one
another(share a recent evolutionary history)
-Important components of species - -The ability to interbreed
-Lennean system of classification - -Binomial names(two names)
-Genus Species - -ex. Homo sapiens(humans)... homo is the genus name and sapiens is the
species
-Species Richness - -The number of species occurring in a particular area
-Species Diversity - -combination of number of species and relative number of individuals
of each species
-Diversity of species throughout the world - -Species are NOT spread evenly throughout
the world, ex. tropical areas typically have more species than temperate ones
-Ecosystems - -Combination of both biotic and abiotic factors
-Ecosystem Services - -Something such as oxygen, fresh water, or food that is provided by
an ecosystem by its species
-Genomics - -The new use of the comparative method
-Genome - -entire set of genetic material in a cell
-Allele - -particular version of a gene
-Source of Genetic variation - -individuals having different alleles
, -Human Impact on biodiversity - -Is negative due to human interactions such as pollution,
agriculture, etc
-World Event taking place due to negative human impact on biodiversity - -Going into the
world's 6th mass extinction event. current extinction rates are between 10 and 100 times
higher than those estimated from the fossil record
-Populational thinking - --Is a way of looking at the world. Views people, animals, bacteria,
cities,etc. as being parts of a population of similar things
-Individuals are being influenced by many factors so it can be hard to say the cause of
something is
-Typologically - -assigns different things to categories
-Evolution - -based on the variation with natural selection being the primary mechanism
of evolution. characteristics that help organisms surviveand reproduce will become
prevalent in that environment.
-Three that must take place for evolution to occur - --competition(more born than
survive)
-inheritance(pass traits to offspring)
-variation(individuals all have different traits)
-Charles Darwin - -Traveled to the galapagos. This where came up with the idea of
evolution/
-Darwin's two main ideas - --descent with modification
-natural selection
-Evidence of evolution - --Life on islands
-Homology
-Fossil Record
-Alfred Wallace - -Learned about biodiversity by traveling through the Amazon and
Southeast Asia
-Stabilizing selection - -genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes on a
particular trait value
-Distruptive selection - -Population tend to diverge into two different groups
-Directional selection - -common in response to change in environment
-Reproductive Isolation - -Allows for independent evolution
