PSY 300
Human Development
Final Exam Review
(With Solutions)
2025
1. A 2-year-old toddler exhibits frequent temper tantrums when a
parent leaves the room. According to Bowlby’s attachment theory,
which attachment style is most likely?
A. Secure
B. Avoidant
C. Ambivalent (anxious-resistant)
D. Disorganized
Correct ANS: C. Ambivalent (anxious-resistant)
Rationale: Anxious-resistant children show intense distress upon
separation and ambivalence upon reunion, reflecting inconsistent
caregiver responsiveness.
2. In Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, which milestone signifies the
transition to the preoperational stage?
A. Deferred imitation
B. Object permanence
C. Egocentrism
D. Conservation
Correct ANS: B. Object permanence
Rationale: Mastery of object permanence around 8–12 months
enables symbolic thought, paving the way for preoperational logic.
3. According to Erikson, an adolescent struggling to define her role
in society is experiencing which psychosocial crisis?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Intimacy vs. Isolation
, Correct ANS: C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Rationale: This stage (approx. ages 12–18) focuses on forming a
coherent identity and values.
4. Bronfenbrenner’s microsystem includes:
A. Cultural norms
B. Parent–child interactions
C. Federal policies
D. Historical events
Correct ANS: B. Parent–child interactions
Rationale: The microsystem is the immediate environment of
direct interactions, such as family and peers.
5. During middle adulthood, individuals experiencing Erikson’s
generativity crisis are most likely to:
A. Seek new career challenges
B. Mentor younger colleagues
C. Question their life’s purpose
D. Withdraw from social roles
Correct ANS: B. Mentor younger colleagues
Rationale: Generativity involves nurturing the next generation
through teaching, mentoring, and community involvement.
6. A researcher studying age-related changes in cognitive speed
across a large cohort over 30 years is using:
A. Cross-sectional design
B. Longitudinal design
C. Sequential design
D. Case study design
Correct ANS: B. Longitudinal design
Rationale: Longitudinal studies follow the same individuals over
time to track developmental changes.
7. Vygotsky’s concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
emphasizes:
A. Innate cognitive maturation
B. Learning through social interaction
C. The decline of processing speed
D. Attachment security
Correct ANS: B. Learning through social interaction
Human Development
Final Exam Review
(With Solutions)
2025
1. A 2-year-old toddler exhibits frequent temper tantrums when a
parent leaves the room. According to Bowlby’s attachment theory,
which attachment style is most likely?
A. Secure
B. Avoidant
C. Ambivalent (anxious-resistant)
D. Disorganized
Correct ANS: C. Ambivalent (anxious-resistant)
Rationale: Anxious-resistant children show intense distress upon
separation and ambivalence upon reunion, reflecting inconsistent
caregiver responsiveness.
2. In Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, which milestone signifies the
transition to the preoperational stage?
A. Deferred imitation
B. Object permanence
C. Egocentrism
D. Conservation
Correct ANS: B. Object permanence
Rationale: Mastery of object permanence around 8–12 months
enables symbolic thought, paving the way for preoperational logic.
3. According to Erikson, an adolescent struggling to define her role
in society is experiencing which psychosocial crisis?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Intimacy vs. Isolation
, Correct ANS: C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Rationale: This stage (approx. ages 12–18) focuses on forming a
coherent identity and values.
4. Bronfenbrenner’s microsystem includes:
A. Cultural norms
B. Parent–child interactions
C. Federal policies
D. Historical events
Correct ANS: B. Parent–child interactions
Rationale: The microsystem is the immediate environment of
direct interactions, such as family and peers.
5. During middle adulthood, individuals experiencing Erikson’s
generativity crisis are most likely to:
A. Seek new career challenges
B. Mentor younger colleagues
C. Question their life’s purpose
D. Withdraw from social roles
Correct ANS: B. Mentor younger colleagues
Rationale: Generativity involves nurturing the next generation
through teaching, mentoring, and community involvement.
6. A researcher studying age-related changes in cognitive speed
across a large cohort over 30 years is using:
A. Cross-sectional design
B. Longitudinal design
C. Sequential design
D. Case study design
Correct ANS: B. Longitudinal design
Rationale: Longitudinal studies follow the same individuals over
time to track developmental changes.
7. Vygotsky’s concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
emphasizes:
A. Innate cognitive maturation
B. Learning through social interaction
C. The decline of processing speed
D. Attachment security
Correct ANS: B. Learning through social interaction
