Advanced patho test 3- Maryville Nurs611
PITUITARY ADENOMAS ARE USUAL - correct answer BENIGN SLOW-GROWING TUMORS THAT
ARISE
FROM CELLS OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY
hypersecretion of growth hormone/acromegaly - correct answer patient will report gradual
increase in their shoe size, facial bones, hands (rings no longer fit). Increased body odor, coarse
skin.
diabetes insipidus (DI) - correct answer ADH=water. In Diabetes insipidus, there is insufficient
ADH. Can be neurogenic or nephrogenic
DI can be... - correct answer neurogenic or nephrogenic
WBCs: - correct answer Netrophils are the first to the scene of an inflammatory response. They
eat up bacteria/viruses and move on. When the body is overcome with infection, the bone
marrow begins releasing numerous immature neutrophils. This is when we see a "shift to the
left" of all those immature neutrophils in response to infection. (bands, segs.)
Modifiable risk factors for CAD - correct answer Modifiable are dyslipidemia, sedentary
lifestyle, diet, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity
Non-modifiable risks for CAD - correct answer non-modifiable risk factors are age, gender, post-
menopausal women, family history.
Non-STEMI: - correct answer Non-STEMI:
there is a thrombus but it's not causing complete occlusion of the coronary artery.
resulting damage of a non-stemi is: - correct answer The resulting infarction is sub-endocardial.
right sided heart failure - correct answer ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, secondary to pulmonary
issues, anorexia/GI distress, dependent edema
types of aneurysms - correct answer true=involves all three layers. saccular-bulge, fusiform-
abdominal usually, false-little tear in artery wall.
most common causes of aneurysms - correct answer Risk with chronic hypertension,
atherosclerosis.
hypothyroidism - correct answer sluggish, slow
causes of hypothyroidism - correct answer Can be related to autoimmune causes such as
Hashimoto disease. Surgical removal of the thyroid as in thyroid cancer, radiation treatment.
, clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism - correct answer Symptoms: bradycardia for no
known reason, boggy non-pitting edema under the eyes, thinning hair, thickening/swelling of
the neck. dyspnea related to hypoventilation=increased PaC02.
hyperthyroidism - correct answer everything speeds up... causes graves disease
what causes graves disease? - correct answer type II hypersensitivity
antibodies are directed against the TSH receptors and cause increased secretion of TH.
symptoms of hyperthyroidism - correct answer increased weight loss, fine/soft hair,
tachycardia, restlessness, insomnia, dyspnea, but related to a hypermetabolic state.
hyperparathyroidism - correct answer Calcium-phosphate balance is a reciprocal relationship.
Decrease in calcium and the parathyroid puts out PTH. Increased calcium levels, PTH is
prevented from being released because calcitonin is secreted and stops osteoclastic activity.
what usually precipitates DKA? - correct answer infection, . Inflammatory process creates
glucose to fight infection, resulting in hyperglycemia.
DKA is most commonly associated with ______________ - correct answer type 1 diabetes
what type of respirations are associated with DKA and explain reason - correct answer Body
begins depleting fat and muscle stores. Kussmaul respirations are a compensatory mechanism
for metabolic acidosis(ridding body of CO2/acid). Nauseated, vomiting as body's way to release
acid from GI tract.
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome is usually related to - correct answer type 2 DM
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome - correct answer Typically not spilling ketones in urine
because they have some intrinsic insulin. Otherwise, very high sugars and presentation
otherwise similar to DKA.
hypoglycemia - correct answer Pallor, arousal, anxiety. Need 15 grams of carbs
microvascular complications - correct answer disease that effects the little capillaries
microvascular complications can lead to: - correct answer Blindness, ESRD
microvascular complications and hyperglycemia - correct answer High glucose levels cause
thickening of the capillary basement membrane. This results in decreased tissue perfusion, and
the cells become hyperplastic. Horrible vicious cycle where tissue perfusion and hyperplasia
feed off each other. This highlights the need to screen and treat pre-diabetics also
hemoglobin A1C - correct answer Reflects the glucose coating on the RBC. Lifespan of an RBC is
about 120 days, so it's giving us an average glucose over that time period.
PITUITARY ADENOMAS ARE USUAL - correct answer BENIGN SLOW-GROWING TUMORS THAT
ARISE
FROM CELLS OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY
hypersecretion of growth hormone/acromegaly - correct answer patient will report gradual
increase in their shoe size, facial bones, hands (rings no longer fit). Increased body odor, coarse
skin.
diabetes insipidus (DI) - correct answer ADH=water. In Diabetes insipidus, there is insufficient
ADH. Can be neurogenic or nephrogenic
DI can be... - correct answer neurogenic or nephrogenic
WBCs: - correct answer Netrophils are the first to the scene of an inflammatory response. They
eat up bacteria/viruses and move on. When the body is overcome with infection, the bone
marrow begins releasing numerous immature neutrophils. This is when we see a "shift to the
left" of all those immature neutrophils in response to infection. (bands, segs.)
Modifiable risk factors for CAD - correct answer Modifiable are dyslipidemia, sedentary
lifestyle, diet, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity
Non-modifiable risks for CAD - correct answer non-modifiable risk factors are age, gender, post-
menopausal women, family history.
Non-STEMI: - correct answer Non-STEMI:
there is a thrombus but it's not causing complete occlusion of the coronary artery.
resulting damage of a non-stemi is: - correct answer The resulting infarction is sub-endocardial.
right sided heart failure - correct answer ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, secondary to pulmonary
issues, anorexia/GI distress, dependent edema
types of aneurysms - correct answer true=involves all three layers. saccular-bulge, fusiform-
abdominal usually, false-little tear in artery wall.
most common causes of aneurysms - correct answer Risk with chronic hypertension,
atherosclerosis.
hypothyroidism - correct answer sluggish, slow
causes of hypothyroidism - correct answer Can be related to autoimmune causes such as
Hashimoto disease. Surgical removal of the thyroid as in thyroid cancer, radiation treatment.
, clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism - correct answer Symptoms: bradycardia for no
known reason, boggy non-pitting edema under the eyes, thinning hair, thickening/swelling of
the neck. dyspnea related to hypoventilation=increased PaC02.
hyperthyroidism - correct answer everything speeds up... causes graves disease
what causes graves disease? - correct answer type II hypersensitivity
antibodies are directed against the TSH receptors and cause increased secretion of TH.
symptoms of hyperthyroidism - correct answer increased weight loss, fine/soft hair,
tachycardia, restlessness, insomnia, dyspnea, but related to a hypermetabolic state.
hyperparathyroidism - correct answer Calcium-phosphate balance is a reciprocal relationship.
Decrease in calcium and the parathyroid puts out PTH. Increased calcium levels, PTH is
prevented from being released because calcitonin is secreted and stops osteoclastic activity.
what usually precipitates DKA? - correct answer infection, . Inflammatory process creates
glucose to fight infection, resulting in hyperglycemia.
DKA is most commonly associated with ______________ - correct answer type 1 diabetes
what type of respirations are associated with DKA and explain reason - correct answer Body
begins depleting fat and muscle stores. Kussmaul respirations are a compensatory mechanism
for metabolic acidosis(ridding body of CO2/acid). Nauseated, vomiting as body's way to release
acid from GI tract.
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome is usually related to - correct answer type 2 DM
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome - correct answer Typically not spilling ketones in urine
because they have some intrinsic insulin. Otherwise, very high sugars and presentation
otherwise similar to DKA.
hypoglycemia - correct answer Pallor, arousal, anxiety. Need 15 grams of carbs
microvascular complications - correct answer disease that effects the little capillaries
microvascular complications can lead to: - correct answer Blindness, ESRD
microvascular complications and hyperglycemia - correct answer High glucose levels cause
thickening of the capillary basement membrane. This results in decreased tissue perfusion, and
the cells become hyperplastic. Horrible vicious cycle where tissue perfusion and hyperplasia
feed off each other. This highlights the need to screen and treat pre-diabetics also
hemoglobin A1C - correct answer Reflects the glucose coating on the RBC. Lifespan of an RBC is
about 120 days, so it's giving us an average glucose over that time period.
