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Concept 01 – Development
Question 1:
A nurse is evaluating developmental milestones for a 2-year-old child. Which
behavior would be most concerning?
A. Walking independently
B. Using two-word phrases
C. Climbing onto furniture
D. Not speaking any recognizable words
Correct Answer: D. Not speaking any recognizable words
Rationale:
By age 2, children are expected to use simple two-word phrases and have at least a
vocabulary of several recognizable words. The absence of speech at this stage
indicates a possible delay in language development that requires further evaluation.
Walking independently and climbing onto furniture are age-appropriate motor
milestones.
Reference: Giddens, J. F. (2021). Concepts for Nursing Practice (4th ed.). Concept
01: Development, pp. 2–5.
,Question 2:
A nurse cares for an adolescent who expresses frustration about rapid body
changes. Which nursing action best supports healthy development?
A. Ignore the adolescent’s concerns and reassure them it is normal
B. Encourage the adolescent to talk openly about their feelings
C. Suggest the adolescent compare themselves with peers
D. Tell the adolescent to focus on academic success
Correct Answer: B. Encourage the adolescent to talk openly about their feelings
Rationale:
Adolescents experience significant physical, emotional, and social changes.
Encouraging them to openly discuss their feelings validates their concerns and
supports psychosocial development. Ignoring concerns dismisses their experience,
while comparisons with peers can worsen body image issues. Academic focus
alone does not address developmental needs.
Reference: Giddens, Concept 01: Development, pp. 6–8.
Concept 02 – Sleep
Question 3:
A patient reports difficulty falling asleep despite going to bed early. Which
intervention should the nurse recommend first?
A. Taking over-the-counter sleep medication
B. Limiting caffeine intake in the afternoon
C. Increasing daytime naps
D. Watching television before bed
,Correct Answer: B. Limiting caffeine intake in the afternoon
Rationale:
Caffeine is a stimulant that can interfere with the ability to fall asleep. Limiting
intake in the afternoon and evening is a non-pharmacological intervention that
improves sleep hygiene. Over-the-counter sleep aids may mask the problem and
cause dependency. Increasing naps or stimulating activities before bed can worsen
insomnia.
Reference: Giddens, Concept 02: Sleep, pp. 16–18.
Question 4:
A hospitalized patient reports poor sleep due to frequent nighttime checks. What is
the nurse’s best action?
A. Provide earplugs and an eye mask
B. Cluster care activities to minimize sleep interruptions
C. Encourage the patient to take sedatives before bedtime
D. Suggest the patient avoid daytime conversations
Correct Answer: B. Cluster care activities to minimize sleep interruptions
Rationale:
Hospitalized patients often suffer from fragmented sleep due to frequent care
activities. Clustering nursing care reduces unnecessary interruptions and supports
restorative sleep. Earplugs and eye masks may help but do not address the root
cause. Sedatives are not the first option due to risk of dependency. Avoiding
daytime conversations is irrelevant to the problem.
Reference: Giddens, Concept 02: Sleep, pp. 19–20.
, Concept 03 – Thermoregulation
Question 5:
Which patient is at highest risk for impaired thermoregulation?
A. A 20-year-old athlete running outdoors
B. A 75-year-old with pneumonia
C. A 40-year-old recovering from surgery
D. A 10-year-old with a mild fever
Correct Answer: B. A 75-year-old with pneumonia
Rationale:
Older adults have decreased ability to regulate body temperature due to
physiological changes. Infections such as pneumonia increase metabolic demand
and risk of hypothermia or hyperthermia. Athletes, children, and middle-aged
adults have stronger regulatory mechanisms.
Reference: Giddens, Concept 03: Thermoregulation, pp. 28–30.
Question 6:
A nurse finds a newborn with a low body temperature. What is the priority
intervention?
A. Administer warm fluids orally
B. Place the newborn under a radiant warmer
C. Encourage frequent breastfeeding
D. Wrap the newborn in a thick blanket only
Correct Answer: B. Place the newborn under a radiant warmer