BSC 197 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER Maintaining steady state of health
What are ectotherms? - ANSWER Organisms that require external factors to regulate
body temperature, temperature conformers
What are some things that can play a part in ectothermy? - ANSWER Sunlight,
convection, conduction, shade, evaporation, ect
What happens to an ectothermic organism when conditions do not allow maintenance of
optimal temperature? - ANSWER Overall activity declines until better conditions occur
What are endotherms? - ANSWER Organism that requires significant metabolic activity
to maintain temperature well over environmental conditions, temperature regulators
Which requires a larger nutrient intake, ectotherms or endotherms? - ANSWER
Endotherms
What is a circadian rhythm? - ANSWER Roughly a 24 hour cycle dependent on sunlight
involving changes in the body
What is key component to determine 3D shape of proteins? - ANSWER Temperature
What does falling out of optimal temperature range do to enzymatic activity? - ANSWER
Decreases enzymatic activity
For animals that live in cold temperatures, how to they regulate temperature? - ANSWER
Retain core heat
How do longer thinner legs regulate temperature? - ANSWER By providing more surface
area/volume and better cooling
How does human thermoregulation work when they are warm? - ANSWER The
capillaries in the skin widen allowing better blood floe to skin and muscles around the
sweat glands contract and wets the skin cooling it by evaporation
What is vasodilation? - ANSWER When capillaries in the skin widen
How does human thermoregulation work when humans are cold? - ANSWER Capillaries
restrict, decreasing heat loss in blood and large muscles receive signals to contract
quickly (shivering, metabolic activity)
What is torpor? - ANSWER A decreased activity and metabolism when temperature is
not favorable
, What is estivation? - ANSWER Torpor in the heat
What is hibernation? - ANSWER When energy requirements to remain active in extreme
cold are very high, animals will decrease metabolic activity (1/20th of normal rate), and
normal circadian rhythm plays little effect
How many amino acids can a human synthesize on their own? - ANSWER 12 of the 20
What are essential fatty acids precursors for? - ANSWER Phospholipids and steroids
Where are essential fatty acids found? - ANSWER Meats, dairy, eggs, and nuts: easy to
obtain
What is associated with insufficient vitamin intake? - ANSWER Diseases
Which vitamin is usually a co-factor for enzymes? - ANSWER Vitamin B
Which vitamin is involved in biosynthesis of connective tissue? - ANSWER Vitamin C
Which vitamin helps absorb and use calcium? - ANSWER Vitamin D
Which vitamin helps with blood clotting and is injected into newborns? - ANSWER
Vitamin K
What are essential minerals? Examples? - ANSWER Inorganic nutrients. Ca, P, Na, Fe, I,
ect.
What is scurvy? - ANSWER A connective tissue disease caused by a lack of vitamin C
What is Rickets? - ANSWER A bone and joint abnormality caused by a lack of vitamin D
What is the major function of calcium? - ANSWER Bone and tooth formation, blood
clotting, nerve and muscle function
What is the major function of iron? - ANSWER It is a component of hemoglobin and of
electron carriers, and is an enzyme co-factor
What is under-nutrition? - ANSWER The consumption of too few calories, and the body
will begin breaking down muscles for fuel
What is malnutrition? - ANSWER The consumption of too few essential nutrients, the
most common being protein, vitamin and mineral deficiency coming in next
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER Maintaining steady state of health
What are ectotherms? - ANSWER Organisms that require external factors to regulate
body temperature, temperature conformers
What are some things that can play a part in ectothermy? - ANSWER Sunlight,
convection, conduction, shade, evaporation, ect
What happens to an ectothermic organism when conditions do not allow maintenance of
optimal temperature? - ANSWER Overall activity declines until better conditions occur
What are endotherms? - ANSWER Organism that requires significant metabolic activity
to maintain temperature well over environmental conditions, temperature regulators
Which requires a larger nutrient intake, ectotherms or endotherms? - ANSWER
Endotherms
What is a circadian rhythm? - ANSWER Roughly a 24 hour cycle dependent on sunlight
involving changes in the body
What is key component to determine 3D shape of proteins? - ANSWER Temperature
What does falling out of optimal temperature range do to enzymatic activity? - ANSWER
Decreases enzymatic activity
For animals that live in cold temperatures, how to they regulate temperature? - ANSWER
Retain core heat
How do longer thinner legs regulate temperature? - ANSWER By providing more surface
area/volume and better cooling
How does human thermoregulation work when they are warm? - ANSWER The
capillaries in the skin widen allowing better blood floe to skin and muscles around the
sweat glands contract and wets the skin cooling it by evaporation
What is vasodilation? - ANSWER When capillaries in the skin widen
How does human thermoregulation work when humans are cold? - ANSWER Capillaries
restrict, decreasing heat loss in blood and large muscles receive signals to contract
quickly (shivering, metabolic activity)
What is torpor? - ANSWER A decreased activity and metabolism when temperature is
not favorable
, What is estivation? - ANSWER Torpor in the heat
What is hibernation? - ANSWER When energy requirements to remain active in extreme
cold are very high, animals will decrease metabolic activity (1/20th of normal rate), and
normal circadian rhythm plays little effect
How many amino acids can a human synthesize on their own? - ANSWER 12 of the 20
What are essential fatty acids precursors for? - ANSWER Phospholipids and steroids
Where are essential fatty acids found? - ANSWER Meats, dairy, eggs, and nuts: easy to
obtain
What is associated with insufficient vitamin intake? - ANSWER Diseases
Which vitamin is usually a co-factor for enzymes? - ANSWER Vitamin B
Which vitamin is involved in biosynthesis of connective tissue? - ANSWER Vitamin C
Which vitamin helps absorb and use calcium? - ANSWER Vitamin D
Which vitamin helps with blood clotting and is injected into newborns? - ANSWER
Vitamin K
What are essential minerals? Examples? - ANSWER Inorganic nutrients. Ca, P, Na, Fe, I,
ect.
What is scurvy? - ANSWER A connective tissue disease caused by a lack of vitamin C
What is Rickets? - ANSWER A bone and joint abnormality caused by a lack of vitamin D
What is the major function of calcium? - ANSWER Bone and tooth formation, blood
clotting, nerve and muscle function
What is the major function of iron? - ANSWER It is a component of hemoglobin and of
electron carriers, and is an enzyme co-factor
What is under-nutrition? - ANSWER The consumption of too few calories, and the body
will begin breaking down muscles for fuel
What is malnutrition? - ANSWER The consumption of too few essential nutrients, the
most common being protein, vitamin and mineral deficiency coming in next
