Seed Treatment Category 4- treatmets, aplications,
diseases Exam Q’s and A;s
Seed Treatment - -Chemical or biological substances that are applied to seeds or vegetative
propagation materials to control disease organisms; control insects; and other pests.
-Seed Treatment Pesticides - -Bactericides, fungicides, insecticides, growth regulators, and
herbicide antidotes
-Reasons for seed treatment - -seed production, low test weight, bad germ, stand issues,
precise populations, seeds expensive, high yield potential, seed is thought to carry
seedborne pathogens
-NON seed treatments - -Seed-applied nutrients that do not perform a pest control
function.
-Grain Treatments - -Pesticides intended to protect stored food or feed grain
-Seed Treatment Benefits - -Control pests; Precision targeting; Low Dose; Convenient to
use
-Seed Treatment Risks - -Accidental poisoning; cropping restrictions; limited dose
capacity; limited duration of protection; limited shelf life of treated seed; Phytotoxicity
(Pesticide injury); workers exposure
-Integrated Pest Management - -An agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques
designed to minimize pesticide inputs
-Seedborne Pathogens - -On the surface of the seed; hidden in the cracks or crevices;
infections deep inside the intact seed
-Systemic - -(non-contact) Protect aboveground parts from sucking insects such as: aphids
and foliar disease rust; root rot
-Non-systemic - -(contact) Form a chemical barrier over the surface of the seed; protects
from chewing insects such as: wireworms and soilborne pathogens such as Pythium
-10-14 days - -Seeds treatments only last this many days beyond planting
-Stress - -Heavy rains, crusted soils, compaction, deep planting, cool oil, very dry soils,
post-emergence herbicides
, -Alternatives or supplements to seed treatments - -Certified Seed; Fertility Management;
Planting date; Soil-applied and postemergence sprays; Variety Resistance; Volunteer
Control
-Not adequately controlled with seed treatment - --Pesticides with appropriate activity are
not available
-there is little or no systemic activity in the plant tissues
-There is only limited or no product movement in the expanding root zone
-the product does not persist long enough to control the pest
-the effective rate may simply be too expensive or may be phytotoxic to the seed or
seedling
-Seed and seedling diseases - -Fungal disease; Bacterial diseases; Viral diseases; Insect
Pests
-Fungal diseases - -Fungi small organisms made of filaments called Hyphae
-fungi use non-living plant or animal material for nutrients and serve an important role in
recycling organ matter in environment
-feed off living plants, resulting in disease
-reproduce by microscopic spores
-spores are spread by wind, rain, insects, seeds, farm equipment, and runoff
-clean plowing and crop rotation
-seed treatments can be used to control or suppress many seedborne, soilborne, and early-
season diseases
-Common bunt - -(sticking smut or covered smut)
-fungus infects the wheat coleoptile before emergence
-control by the use of resistant varieties, clean seed, and seed treatment fungicides
-Foliar diseases - -Powdery mildew
-cottony white fungal growth on leaves
Rust Pustules
-orange and consist of thousands of spores erupting through the plant epidermis
Leaf Blotch
-consist of irregular, tan to reddish-brown blotches with gray-brown blotches with gray-
brown to ash-colored centers often surrounded by a yellow margin
-Fusarium - --Pathogens
-Corn - seedling roots ranged from a very slightly-brownish or black discoloration to
completely rotted roots
-Soybeans -seedlings by fusarium is uncommon unless the germinating seed and seedling
are under stress
-Wheat -seedling blight is usually due to seedborne inoculum
--seedlings may be killed before or soon after emergence, or they may be stunted and off-
color with brown lesions on the roots, crown, and coleoptile
diseases Exam Q’s and A;s
Seed Treatment - -Chemical or biological substances that are applied to seeds or vegetative
propagation materials to control disease organisms; control insects; and other pests.
-Seed Treatment Pesticides - -Bactericides, fungicides, insecticides, growth regulators, and
herbicide antidotes
-Reasons for seed treatment - -seed production, low test weight, bad germ, stand issues,
precise populations, seeds expensive, high yield potential, seed is thought to carry
seedborne pathogens
-NON seed treatments - -Seed-applied nutrients that do not perform a pest control
function.
-Grain Treatments - -Pesticides intended to protect stored food or feed grain
-Seed Treatment Benefits - -Control pests; Precision targeting; Low Dose; Convenient to
use
-Seed Treatment Risks - -Accidental poisoning; cropping restrictions; limited dose
capacity; limited duration of protection; limited shelf life of treated seed; Phytotoxicity
(Pesticide injury); workers exposure
-Integrated Pest Management - -An agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques
designed to minimize pesticide inputs
-Seedborne Pathogens - -On the surface of the seed; hidden in the cracks or crevices;
infections deep inside the intact seed
-Systemic - -(non-contact) Protect aboveground parts from sucking insects such as: aphids
and foliar disease rust; root rot
-Non-systemic - -(contact) Form a chemical barrier over the surface of the seed; protects
from chewing insects such as: wireworms and soilborne pathogens such as Pythium
-10-14 days - -Seeds treatments only last this many days beyond planting
-Stress - -Heavy rains, crusted soils, compaction, deep planting, cool oil, very dry soils,
post-emergence herbicides
, -Alternatives or supplements to seed treatments - -Certified Seed; Fertility Management;
Planting date; Soil-applied and postemergence sprays; Variety Resistance; Volunteer
Control
-Not adequately controlled with seed treatment - --Pesticides with appropriate activity are
not available
-there is little or no systemic activity in the plant tissues
-There is only limited or no product movement in the expanding root zone
-the product does not persist long enough to control the pest
-the effective rate may simply be too expensive or may be phytotoxic to the seed or
seedling
-Seed and seedling diseases - -Fungal disease; Bacterial diseases; Viral diseases; Insect
Pests
-Fungal diseases - -Fungi small organisms made of filaments called Hyphae
-fungi use non-living plant or animal material for nutrients and serve an important role in
recycling organ matter in environment
-feed off living plants, resulting in disease
-reproduce by microscopic spores
-spores are spread by wind, rain, insects, seeds, farm equipment, and runoff
-clean plowing and crop rotation
-seed treatments can be used to control or suppress many seedborne, soilborne, and early-
season diseases
-Common bunt - -(sticking smut or covered smut)
-fungus infects the wheat coleoptile before emergence
-control by the use of resistant varieties, clean seed, and seed treatment fungicides
-Foliar diseases - -Powdery mildew
-cottony white fungal growth on leaves
Rust Pustules
-orange and consist of thousands of spores erupting through the plant epidermis
Leaf Blotch
-consist of irregular, tan to reddish-brown blotches with gray-brown blotches with gray-
brown to ash-colored centers often surrounded by a yellow margin
-Fusarium - --Pathogens
-Corn - seedling roots ranged from a very slightly-brownish or black discoloration to
completely rotted roots
-Soybeans -seedlings by fusarium is uncommon unless the germinating seed and seedling
are under stress
-Wheat -seedling blight is usually due to seedborne inoculum
--seedlings may be killed before or soon after emergence, or they may be stunted and off-
color with brown lesions on the roots, crown, and coleoptile
