1|Page
NSG 5140 MIDTERM EXAM ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM || ACCURATE AND
FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|| LATEST
AND COMPLETE UPDATE WITH EXPERT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS|| SURE PASS!!
What is a researcher in the field of nutritional genomics least likely to study? -
ANSWER: the interaction between genetically engineered enzymes and their
substrates
PR
When the pH of the stomach is increased to manage GERD, over time, the stomach
may not be acidic enough. What is the most likely outcome of this strategy? -
ANSWER: decreased protein digestion
O
Which disaccharide is commonly found in mushrooms? - ANSWER: trehalose
FD
By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids? -
ANSWER: by absorbing/interacting with lipids
O
Functional fiber is currently defined as - ANSWER: carbohydrates that are
C
nondigestible by human enzymes; have been isolated, extracted, or manufactured
and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans
Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index? - ANSWER: kidney
beans
Which protein does the FDA specify as a standard for comparison of protein
quality? - ANSWER: Casein
,2|Page
Which phrase best describes the function of the crypts of Lieberkühn? -
ANSWER: Cellular differentiation
Identify a nonspecific response to injury involving phagocytic cells, neutrophils,
and macrophages. - ANSWER: inflammation
The sodium-potassium pump moves 3 Na⁺ ions out and 2 K⁺ ions into the cell,
creating an electrochemical gradient essential for membrane potential. -
ANSWER: Sodium-Potassium Pump
PR
Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell due to their role in
oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation. - ANSWER: Mitochondria
O
In metabolic acidosis, there is a loss of bicarbonate or accumulation of acids,
lowering both bicarbonate and pH. - ANSWER: Metabolic Acidosis Lab Values
FD
B cells differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies, central to humoral
immunity. - ANSWER: B Lymphocytes
O
Reversible injury often involves failure of ion pumps leading to water influx and
C
cell swelling. - ANSWER: Hallmark of Reversible Cellular Injury
IL-1 acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature set point, causing
fever. - ANSWER: Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Type 1 DM is an autoimmune condition where T-cells destroy insulin-producing
beta cells in the pancreas. - ANSWER: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
,3|Page
Redness (rubor) results from vasodilation and increased blood flow to the inflamed
area. - ANSWER: Cardinal Sign of Acute Inflammation
Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol in the - ANSWER: Liver
What is the name of the enzyme in saliva that digests starch? - ANSWER:
amylase
What is the carrier for medium-chain fatty acids in portal circulation? - ANSWER:
PR
Albumin
What hormone increases appetite - ANSWER: ghrelin
O
Which of the following is considered a functional fiber - ANSWER: psyllium
FD
Which source of fiber would be the best to add to one's diet in order to lower serum
lipid concentrations? - ANSWER: barley β-glucan and methylcellulose
O
How does orlistat reduce absorption of dietary fat? - ANSWER: by inhibiting the
C
activity of pancreatic lipase
A manufacturer can claim that its product is an "excellent" source of fiber if the
product contains at least what percentage of the recommendations for fiber? -
ANSWER: 20
Which of the following is not usually an effect of bacterial overgrowth in the small
intestine? - ANSWER: celiac disease
, 4|Page
In what part of the cell does glycolysis take occur - ANSWER: cytosol
The enzyme ATP synthase is believed to catalyze the formation of ATP, as
described by the ____ theory. - ANSWER: chemiosmotic
In which organelle do the TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation occur? - ANSWER:
mintochondrion
Urea synthesis occurs partly in the mitochondria and partly in the cytosol of the
PR
____. - ANSWER: hepatocytes
The branched-chain amino acids found in the systemic circulation include ____. -
ANSWER: valine, leucine, isoleucine
O
FD
In which metabolic pathway do branching enzymes play a key role? - ANSWER:
glycogenesis
Membrane lipid bilayers consist primarily of ____. - ANSWER: phospholipids
O
C
Pancreatic cells produce many digestive enzymes necessary for digestion in the
small intestine. Which organelle(s) is/are necessary for the delivery of digestive
enzymes by the pancreatic cells? - ANSWER: endoplasmic reticulum and golgi
apparatus
Which of the following benefits provided by fiber is linked with colon cancer? -
ANSWER: fiber reduces bile concentration, dilutes intestinal contents, and
reduces colonic transit time
Where are disaccharides synthesized? - ANSWER: enterocyte
NSG 5140 MIDTERM EXAM ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM || ACCURATE AND
FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|| LATEST
AND COMPLETE UPDATE WITH EXPERT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS|| SURE PASS!!
What is a researcher in the field of nutritional genomics least likely to study? -
ANSWER: the interaction between genetically engineered enzymes and their
substrates
PR
When the pH of the stomach is increased to manage GERD, over time, the stomach
may not be acidic enough. What is the most likely outcome of this strategy? -
ANSWER: decreased protein digestion
O
Which disaccharide is commonly found in mushrooms? - ANSWER: trehalose
FD
By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids? -
ANSWER: by absorbing/interacting with lipids
O
Functional fiber is currently defined as - ANSWER: carbohydrates that are
C
nondigestible by human enzymes; have been isolated, extracted, or manufactured
and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans
Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index? - ANSWER: kidney
beans
Which protein does the FDA specify as a standard for comparison of protein
quality? - ANSWER: Casein
,2|Page
Which phrase best describes the function of the crypts of Lieberkühn? -
ANSWER: Cellular differentiation
Identify a nonspecific response to injury involving phagocytic cells, neutrophils,
and macrophages. - ANSWER: inflammation
The sodium-potassium pump moves 3 Na⁺ ions out and 2 K⁺ ions into the cell,
creating an electrochemical gradient essential for membrane potential. -
ANSWER: Sodium-Potassium Pump
PR
Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell due to their role in
oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation. - ANSWER: Mitochondria
O
In metabolic acidosis, there is a loss of bicarbonate or accumulation of acids,
lowering both bicarbonate and pH. - ANSWER: Metabolic Acidosis Lab Values
FD
B cells differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies, central to humoral
immunity. - ANSWER: B Lymphocytes
O
Reversible injury often involves failure of ion pumps leading to water influx and
C
cell swelling. - ANSWER: Hallmark of Reversible Cellular Injury
IL-1 acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature set point, causing
fever. - ANSWER: Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Type 1 DM is an autoimmune condition where T-cells destroy insulin-producing
beta cells in the pancreas. - ANSWER: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
,3|Page
Redness (rubor) results from vasodilation and increased blood flow to the inflamed
area. - ANSWER: Cardinal Sign of Acute Inflammation
Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol in the - ANSWER: Liver
What is the name of the enzyme in saliva that digests starch? - ANSWER:
amylase
What is the carrier for medium-chain fatty acids in portal circulation? - ANSWER:
PR
Albumin
What hormone increases appetite - ANSWER: ghrelin
O
Which of the following is considered a functional fiber - ANSWER: psyllium
FD
Which source of fiber would be the best to add to one's diet in order to lower serum
lipid concentrations? - ANSWER: barley β-glucan and methylcellulose
O
How does orlistat reduce absorption of dietary fat? - ANSWER: by inhibiting the
C
activity of pancreatic lipase
A manufacturer can claim that its product is an "excellent" source of fiber if the
product contains at least what percentage of the recommendations for fiber? -
ANSWER: 20
Which of the following is not usually an effect of bacterial overgrowth in the small
intestine? - ANSWER: celiac disease
, 4|Page
In what part of the cell does glycolysis take occur - ANSWER: cytosol
The enzyme ATP synthase is believed to catalyze the formation of ATP, as
described by the ____ theory. - ANSWER: chemiosmotic
In which organelle do the TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation occur? - ANSWER:
mintochondrion
Urea synthesis occurs partly in the mitochondria and partly in the cytosol of the
PR
____. - ANSWER: hepatocytes
The branched-chain amino acids found in the systemic circulation include ____. -
ANSWER: valine, leucine, isoleucine
O
FD
In which metabolic pathway do branching enzymes play a key role? - ANSWER:
glycogenesis
Membrane lipid bilayers consist primarily of ____. - ANSWER: phospholipids
O
C
Pancreatic cells produce many digestive enzymes necessary for digestion in the
small intestine. Which organelle(s) is/are necessary for the delivery of digestive
enzymes by the pancreatic cells? - ANSWER: endoplasmic reticulum and golgi
apparatus
Which of the following benefits provided by fiber is linked with colon cancer? -
ANSWER: fiber reduces bile concentration, dilutes intestinal contents, and
reduces colonic transit time
Where are disaccharides synthesized? - ANSWER: enterocyte
