Table of Contents
Chapter 1 1
Chapter 2 41
Chapter 3 77
Chapter 4 117
Chapter 5 144
Chapter 6 182
Chapter 7 205
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CHAPTER 1
P. P. 1.1
2 2
The period is T = = =1
2
x(t + T ) = A cos((2 (t +1) + 0.1 )
= A cos(2 t + 2 + 0.1 )
= A cos(2 t + 0.1 )
= x(t)
Hence x(t) is periodic.
P.P. 1.2
(a) x(t) = t, 0 < t <
T /2 T /2 T / 2 3
E = lim
T →
T →
| x(t) |2dt = limt 2
dt = lim 2 =
−T / 2 −T / 2 T → 3
1
| x(t) |2dt = lim 1 t 2dt = lim 2 T / 2 =
T / 2 T / 2 3
P = lim
T → T T → T T → T 3
−T / 2 −T / 2
i.e. x(t) is neither an energy nor a power signal.
(b)
T /2 a
E = lim | x(t) |2dt = lim A dt = 2aA
2 2
T → T →
−T / 2 −a
i.e. x(t) is an energy signal.
(c) | x(n) |= 5 | e− j4n |= 5
| x[n] |2 = lim 52
N N
1 1
P = lim
N → 2N +1 N → 2N +1
n=− N n=− N
1
= lim 25(2N +1) = 25
N → 2N +1
i.e x[n] is a power signal.
P.P. 1.3
(a) ze = t 2 −10, zo = 4t
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1
h (t) = [u(t +1) − u(t −1)]
e 2
(b)
1
h (t) = [−u(t +1) + 2u(t) − u(t −1)]
o
2
These are sketched below. ho
he
½ 1/2
t -1 0 1 t
-1 0 1
-1/2
P. P. 1.4
(a)
−
sin(t3 + / 2) (t)dt = sin(t3 + / 2) t = 0 = sin( / 2) = 1
10
(b)
(t 2 + 4t − 2) (t −1)dt = (t 2 + 4t − 2) t = 1 = 1+ 4 − 2 = 3
0
P. P. 1.5
0, t 0
i(t) = 10, 0t 2
−10, 2t 4
i(t) = 10u(t) − u(t − 2) −10u(t − 2) − u(t − 4)
= 10[u(t) − 2u(t − 2) + u(t − 4)]
t
Let I= idt
−
For t < 0, I = 0.
t
For 0 < t < 2, I = 10dt = 10t
0
2 t
t
For 2 < t < 4, I = 10dt − 10dt = 20 −10t = 40 −10t
0 2
2
4
For t > 4, I = 20 −10t =0
2
Thus,
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0, t 0
10t,
I = 0t 2
40 −10t, 2t 4
0, t 4
Or
I = 10[ r(t) – 2t(t-2) + r(t-4) ]
which is sketched below.
idt
20
0 2 4 t
P.P. 1.6
(a) x(t) is sketched in (a).
x(t) y(t)
5 3
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 t
0 1 2 3 4 t
(a) (b)
To confirm this, replace every t in eq. (1.35) with t-2 and set =4.
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