Kin 2500 Final Exam Study Guide
Questions With 100% Accurate
Solutions 2025-2026 Set.
The brain and the spinal cord - Answer The central nervous system consists of what?
Organs or cells that respond to sensory inputs. - Answer Describe what an effector is?
cranial nerves, spinal nerves, enteric plexuses in the small intestine, ganglia and sensory
receptors - Answer The peripheral nervous system consists of what?
Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles (viscera, vessels), cardiac muscles, glands, and smooth muscle
of digestive system - Answer What are some effectors?
Afferent pathway (sensory neuron) - Answer carries information from sensory receptors to the
central nervous system, towards brain/spinal cord
Efferent pathway - Answer A motor pathway that relays information from the central nervous
system to the rest of the body.
sensory output, integration, motor output - Answer What are the three overlapping functions
of the nervous system?
Sensory output - Answer The function that consists of afferent nerves that detects and
transmit changes internally and externally. Carries sensory information to brain and spinal cord
through cranial and spinal nerves.
Integration - Answer The function that is the analysis and interpretation of the sensory signals
which encourages the formulation of decisions regarding appropriate responses. Perception.
Motor Output - Answer The function (output) which is a response to integrated stimuli; the
response activates muscles, glands, etc.
somatic division - Answer The part of the peripheral nervous system that specializes in the
,autonomic division - Answer The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls
involuntary movement of the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.
foramen magnum of the occipital bone - Answer The brain and spinal cord are continuous
with one another through what?
Nerve - Answer a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system
Neuron - Answer a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system. transmits nerve
impulses.
parasympathic and sympathetic - Answer What are the two MAIN subdivisions of the
autonomic division?
sympathetic - Answer fight or flight responses
increase heart rate
supports exercise and emergency responses
airways and pupils dilate
release of adrenaline
saliva and digestion inhibited
parasympathetic - Answer rest and digest
slow down heart rate
airways and pupils constrict
digestion
Thoracolumbar - Answer What region(s) does the sympathetic part of the autonomic division
cover?
Cranialsacral division - Answer What region(s) does the parasympathetic part of the
autonomic division cover?
The smooth muscle of the cardiovascular system - Answer The sympathetic part is a major
, Sympathetic because blood vessels are located everywhere in the body - Answer Sympathetic
or Parasympathetic has a wider distribution and why?
visceral part (enteric plexuses)
- "brain of the gut"
- messages specific to the GI tract
- sensory and motor
- controls secretions of the digestive canal organs such as stomach acid and endocrine cells
(secretes hormones)
- involuntary - Answer Name the third part of the autonomic division and its role?
Monitor chemical changes within the digestive canal as well as the stretching of the walls -
Answer The sensory neurons of the enteric plexuses does what?
Governs contraction of the digestive canal smooth muscle to propel food through the digestive
canal - Answer The motor neurons of the enteric plexuses does what?
Neurons (nerve cells) - Answer What possesses electrical excitability, the ability to respond to
a stimulus and convert it into a nerve impulse>
STRUCTURE of their sensory receptors (free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings,
separate cells), TYPE of stimulus detected (vibration, temp., pressure, pain), LOCATION
(exteroreceptors, interoreceptors, proprioceptors) - Answer Sensory receptors in nervous
tissue are based on what characteristics?
nucleus, nissl bodies, and axon hillock - Answer What structures make up the neuron cell
body?
Nissl bodies - Answer What is the name of this structure?
axon and dendrites - Answer Which is/are NOT included in the neuron cell body but attaches
to it?
- Nucleus
Questions With 100% Accurate
Solutions 2025-2026 Set.
The brain and the spinal cord - Answer The central nervous system consists of what?
Organs or cells that respond to sensory inputs. - Answer Describe what an effector is?
cranial nerves, spinal nerves, enteric plexuses in the small intestine, ganglia and sensory
receptors - Answer The peripheral nervous system consists of what?
Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles (viscera, vessels), cardiac muscles, glands, and smooth muscle
of digestive system - Answer What are some effectors?
Afferent pathway (sensory neuron) - Answer carries information from sensory receptors to the
central nervous system, towards brain/spinal cord
Efferent pathway - Answer A motor pathway that relays information from the central nervous
system to the rest of the body.
sensory output, integration, motor output - Answer What are the three overlapping functions
of the nervous system?
Sensory output - Answer The function that consists of afferent nerves that detects and
transmit changes internally and externally. Carries sensory information to brain and spinal cord
through cranial and spinal nerves.
Integration - Answer The function that is the analysis and interpretation of the sensory signals
which encourages the formulation of decisions regarding appropriate responses. Perception.
Motor Output - Answer The function (output) which is a response to integrated stimuli; the
response activates muscles, glands, etc.
somatic division - Answer The part of the peripheral nervous system that specializes in the
,autonomic division - Answer The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls
involuntary movement of the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.
foramen magnum of the occipital bone - Answer The brain and spinal cord are continuous
with one another through what?
Nerve - Answer a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system
Neuron - Answer a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system. transmits nerve
impulses.
parasympathic and sympathetic - Answer What are the two MAIN subdivisions of the
autonomic division?
sympathetic - Answer fight or flight responses
increase heart rate
supports exercise and emergency responses
airways and pupils dilate
release of adrenaline
saliva and digestion inhibited
parasympathetic - Answer rest and digest
slow down heart rate
airways and pupils constrict
digestion
Thoracolumbar - Answer What region(s) does the sympathetic part of the autonomic division
cover?
Cranialsacral division - Answer What region(s) does the parasympathetic part of the
autonomic division cover?
The smooth muscle of the cardiovascular system - Answer The sympathetic part is a major
, Sympathetic because blood vessels are located everywhere in the body - Answer Sympathetic
or Parasympathetic has a wider distribution and why?
visceral part (enteric plexuses)
- "brain of the gut"
- messages specific to the GI tract
- sensory and motor
- controls secretions of the digestive canal organs such as stomach acid and endocrine cells
(secretes hormones)
- involuntary - Answer Name the third part of the autonomic division and its role?
Monitor chemical changes within the digestive canal as well as the stretching of the walls -
Answer The sensory neurons of the enteric plexuses does what?
Governs contraction of the digestive canal smooth muscle to propel food through the digestive
canal - Answer The motor neurons of the enteric plexuses does what?
Neurons (nerve cells) - Answer What possesses electrical excitability, the ability to respond to
a stimulus and convert it into a nerve impulse>
STRUCTURE of their sensory receptors (free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings,
separate cells), TYPE of stimulus detected (vibration, temp., pressure, pain), LOCATION
(exteroreceptors, interoreceptors, proprioceptors) - Answer Sensory receptors in nervous
tissue are based on what characteristics?
nucleus, nissl bodies, and axon hillock - Answer What structures make up the neuron cell
body?
Nissl bodies - Answer What is the name of this structure?
axon and dendrites - Answer Which is/are NOT included in the neuron cell body but attaches
to it?
- Nucleus
