NSG 240 FINAL EXAM
NSG 240 FINAL EXAM 2025/2026
COMPLETE ALL 350 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED
A+||ALREADY GRADED A+
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and has paralytic ileus. Which o f the following
abdominal assessments should the nurse expect?
A. Frequent bowel sounds with flatus
B. Absent bowel sounds with distention
C. Hyperactive bowel sounds with diarrhea.
D. Normal bowel sounds with decreased peristalsis
B. Absent bowel sounds with distention
With this disorder, bowel sounds are absent and the abdomen is distended. There is no flatus or
stool.
A nurse is planning care for a client who reports abominal pain. An assessment by the nurse reveals
the client has a temperature of 102.6 F, heart rate of 105/min, a soft nontender abdoment, and
menses over due by 2 days. Which of the following findings should be the nurse's priority?
A. Heart rate 105/min
B. Soft, nontender abdomen
C. Temperature
D. Overdue Menses
C. Temperature
Elevated temperature is an emergency physiological needs, which requires priority intervention by
the nurse.
Heart rate is an important assessment because the client's heart rate is elevated. However, fever and
pain can contribute to tachycardia. This is not the priority finding.
Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?
a.
The immune response is similar each time it is activated.
b.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, NSG 240 FINAL EXAM
The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it.
c.
The response to a specific pathogen is short term.
d.
The response is innate, rather than acquired.
ANS: B
Unlike inflammation, which is nonspecifically activated by cellular damage and pathogenic
microorganisms, the immune response is primarily designed to afford long-term specific protection
(i.e., immunity) against particular invading microorganisms; that is, it has a memory function. The
other options are not unique characteristics of the immune response.
In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming
B cells?
a.
Thymus gland
b.
Regional lymph nodes
c.
Bone marrow
d.
Spleen
ANS: C
B lymphocytes mature and become B cells in specialized (primary) lymphoid organs—the thymus
gland for T cells and the bone marrow for B cells. Neither regional lymph nodes nor the spleen are
involved in changing B lymphocytes into B cells.
What is the term for the process during which lymphoid stem cells migrate and change into either
immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells?
a.
Clonal diversity
b.
Clonal differentiation
c.
Clonal selection
d.
Clonal competence
ANS: A
The process is called the generation of clonal diversity and occurs in specialized (primary) lymphoid
A+ TEST BANK 2
, NSG 240 FINAL EXAM
organs—the thymus gland for T cells and the bone marrow for B cells. The other options do not
accurately identify the process described in the question.
Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or
after immunization against the antigen?
a.
Passive-acquired immunity
b.
Active-acquired immunity
c.
Passive-innate immunity
d.
Active-innate immunity
ANS: B
An individual produces active-acquired immunity (active immunity) after natural exposure to an
antigen or after immunization, whereas passive-acquired immunity (passive immunity) does not
involve the host's immune response at all. The innate immune system, also known as nonspecific
immune system and the first line of defense, is composed of the cells and mechanisms that defend
the host from infection by other organisms in a nonspecific manner, which means that the cells of
the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way.
What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
a.
Passive-acquired immunity
b.
Active-acquired immunity
c.
Passive-innate immunity
d.
Active-innate immunity
ANS: A
Passive-acquired immunity (passive immunity) does not involve the host's immune response at all.
Rather, passive immunity occurs when preformed antibodies or T lymphocytes are transferred from
a donor to the recipient. This transfer can occur naturally, as in the passage of maternal antibodies
across the placenta to the fetus, or artificially, as in a clinic using immunotherapy for a specific
disease. The remaining options do not produce immunity via immunoglobulin transfer across the
placenta.
A+ TEST BANK 3
, NSG 240 FINAL EXAM
The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type
of determinant?
a.
Immunotope
b.
Paratope
c.
Epitope
d.
Antigenitope
ANS: C
The precise portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is called its antigenic
determinant or epitope. The other options are not used to identify this portion of the antigen.
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the
antigen?
a.
Size
b.
Foreignness
c.
Complexity
d.
Quantity
ANS: B
Foremost among the criteria for immunogenicity is the antigen's foreignness. A self-antigen that
fulfills all of these criteria except foreignness does not normally elicit an immune response. Thus
most individuals are tolerant of their own antigens. The immune system has an exquisite ability to
distinguish self (self-antigens) from nonself (foreign antigens). The other options are considered
when determining immunogenicity.
When antigens are administered to produce immunity, why are different routes of administration
considered?
a.
Different routes allow the speed of onset of the antigen to be varied, with the intravenous route
being the fastest.
b.
A+ TEST BANK 4
NSG 240 FINAL EXAM 2025/2026
COMPLETE ALL 350 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED
A+||ALREADY GRADED A+
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and has paralytic ileus. Which o f the following
abdominal assessments should the nurse expect?
A. Frequent bowel sounds with flatus
B. Absent bowel sounds with distention
C. Hyperactive bowel sounds with diarrhea.
D. Normal bowel sounds with decreased peristalsis
B. Absent bowel sounds with distention
With this disorder, bowel sounds are absent and the abdomen is distended. There is no flatus or
stool.
A nurse is planning care for a client who reports abominal pain. An assessment by the nurse reveals
the client has a temperature of 102.6 F, heart rate of 105/min, a soft nontender abdoment, and
menses over due by 2 days. Which of the following findings should be the nurse's priority?
A. Heart rate 105/min
B. Soft, nontender abdomen
C. Temperature
D. Overdue Menses
C. Temperature
Elevated temperature is an emergency physiological needs, which requires priority intervention by
the nurse.
Heart rate is an important assessment because the client's heart rate is elevated. However, fever and
pain can contribute to tachycardia. This is not the priority finding.
Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?
a.
The immune response is similar each time it is activated.
b.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, NSG 240 FINAL EXAM
The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it.
c.
The response to a specific pathogen is short term.
d.
The response is innate, rather than acquired.
ANS: B
Unlike inflammation, which is nonspecifically activated by cellular damage and pathogenic
microorganisms, the immune response is primarily designed to afford long-term specific protection
(i.e., immunity) against particular invading microorganisms; that is, it has a memory function. The
other options are not unique characteristics of the immune response.
In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming
B cells?
a.
Thymus gland
b.
Regional lymph nodes
c.
Bone marrow
d.
Spleen
ANS: C
B lymphocytes mature and become B cells in specialized (primary) lymphoid organs—the thymus
gland for T cells and the bone marrow for B cells. Neither regional lymph nodes nor the spleen are
involved in changing B lymphocytes into B cells.
What is the term for the process during which lymphoid stem cells migrate and change into either
immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells?
a.
Clonal diversity
b.
Clonal differentiation
c.
Clonal selection
d.
Clonal competence
ANS: A
The process is called the generation of clonal diversity and occurs in specialized (primary) lymphoid
A+ TEST BANK 2
, NSG 240 FINAL EXAM
organs—the thymus gland for T cells and the bone marrow for B cells. The other options do not
accurately identify the process described in the question.
Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or
after immunization against the antigen?
a.
Passive-acquired immunity
b.
Active-acquired immunity
c.
Passive-innate immunity
d.
Active-innate immunity
ANS: B
An individual produces active-acquired immunity (active immunity) after natural exposure to an
antigen or after immunization, whereas passive-acquired immunity (passive immunity) does not
involve the host's immune response at all. The innate immune system, also known as nonspecific
immune system and the first line of defense, is composed of the cells and mechanisms that defend
the host from infection by other organisms in a nonspecific manner, which means that the cells of
the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way.
What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
a.
Passive-acquired immunity
b.
Active-acquired immunity
c.
Passive-innate immunity
d.
Active-innate immunity
ANS: A
Passive-acquired immunity (passive immunity) does not involve the host's immune response at all.
Rather, passive immunity occurs when preformed antibodies or T lymphocytes are transferred from
a donor to the recipient. This transfer can occur naturally, as in the passage of maternal antibodies
across the placenta to the fetus, or artificially, as in a clinic using immunotherapy for a specific
disease. The remaining options do not produce immunity via immunoglobulin transfer across the
placenta.
A+ TEST BANK 3
, NSG 240 FINAL EXAM
The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type
of determinant?
a.
Immunotope
b.
Paratope
c.
Epitope
d.
Antigenitope
ANS: C
The precise portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is called its antigenic
determinant or epitope. The other options are not used to identify this portion of the antigen.
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the
antigen?
a.
Size
b.
Foreignness
c.
Complexity
d.
Quantity
ANS: B
Foremost among the criteria for immunogenicity is the antigen's foreignness. A self-antigen that
fulfills all of these criteria except foreignness does not normally elicit an immune response. Thus
most individuals are tolerant of their own antigens. The immune system has an exquisite ability to
distinguish self (self-antigens) from nonself (foreign antigens). The other options are considered
when determining immunogenicity.
When antigens are administered to produce immunity, why are different routes of administration
considered?
a.
Different routes allow the speed of onset of the antigen to be varied, with the intravenous route
being the fastest.
b.
A+ TEST BANK 4
