ASU BIO 201 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS &
ACCURATE VALID ANSWERS
major purpose of muscle - correct answer ✔✔converting chemical energy in ATP --> mechanical
energy of motion
muscle functions - correct answer ✔✔-movement of: whole body, body parts, organ contents
-stability: maintain posture and prevent mvmt.
-communication: speech, facial expressions and writing
-control of openings and passageways: sphincters
-body heat production
3 kinds of muscle tissue - correct answer ✔✔skeletal, cardiac, smooth
characterizations of connective tissues of a muscle - correct answer ✔✔fascia, epimysium,
perimysium, endomysium
CT elements and how they merge with other tissues - correct answer ✔✔Tendons =
attachments between muscle and bone, dense-regular CT made of collagen fibers, epimysium
surrounding entire muscle is continuous with collagen fibers of tendons
role of collagen in connective tissues - correct answer ✔✔stretches slightly under tension and
recoils when released
-resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury
-returns muscle to resting length
-contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
,skeletal muscle shapes (with examples) - correct answer ✔✔Fusiform: biceps bracchi,
gastrocnemius
Triangular (convergent): pec major, temporalis
Parallel: rectus abdominus, zygomaticus major
Circular: orbicularis oculi, urethral and anal sphincters
Pennate: rectus femoris, deltoid
ways in which muscle attach to bone - correct answer ✔✔Indirect: tendons attach muscle to
bone
Direct: fleshy attachment to bone
Some skeletal muscles do not insert on bone, but in dermis of the skin
how tendons attach muscle to bone - correct answer ✔✔collagen fibers fibers of endo-, peri-,
and epimysium continue into the tendon, the tendon merges into the periosteum of bone
-aponeurosis: tendon is a broad, flat sheet
origin and insertion definition - correct answer ✔✔Origin: bony attachment at stationary end of
muscle
Insertion: bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
functional groups of muscles with example - correct answer ✔✔for elbow flexion
Prime mover (agonist): brachialis
Synergist: biceps brachii
Antagonist: triceps brachii
Fixator: rhomboideus
, intrinsic vs extrinsic muscles - correct answer ✔✔Intrinsic: contained within a region (both
origin and insertion there)
Extrinsic: act on a designated regions, but has origins elsewhere
characteristics of muscle - correct answer ✔✔Responsiveness (excitability): to chemical signals,
stretch and electrical changes across plasma membrane
Conductivity: local electrical change triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle
fiber
Contractility: shortens when stimulated
Extensibility: capable of being stretched between contractions
Elasticity: returns to its original resting length after being stretched
properties of skeletal muscle - correct answer ✔✔voluntary, straitaed muscle attached to one or
more bones
myofiber - correct answer ✔✔muscle cell/muscle fiber, composed of myofibrils
myofibrils - correct answer ✔✔long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the
interior of a muscle fiber, composed of myofilaments
myofilament - correct answer ✔✔protein microfilament responsible for muscle cell contraction,
composed of myosin or actin proteins
functions of each part of a muscle fiber - correct answer ✔✔Sarcolemma: plasma membrane of
a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
Mitochondria: packed in spaces between myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR): smooth ER that forms a network around each myofibril-calcium
reservoir
ACCURATE VALID ANSWERS
major purpose of muscle - correct answer ✔✔converting chemical energy in ATP --> mechanical
energy of motion
muscle functions - correct answer ✔✔-movement of: whole body, body parts, organ contents
-stability: maintain posture and prevent mvmt.
-communication: speech, facial expressions and writing
-control of openings and passageways: sphincters
-body heat production
3 kinds of muscle tissue - correct answer ✔✔skeletal, cardiac, smooth
characterizations of connective tissues of a muscle - correct answer ✔✔fascia, epimysium,
perimysium, endomysium
CT elements and how they merge with other tissues - correct answer ✔✔Tendons =
attachments between muscle and bone, dense-regular CT made of collagen fibers, epimysium
surrounding entire muscle is continuous with collagen fibers of tendons
role of collagen in connective tissues - correct answer ✔✔stretches slightly under tension and
recoils when released
-resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury
-returns muscle to resting length
-contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
,skeletal muscle shapes (with examples) - correct answer ✔✔Fusiform: biceps bracchi,
gastrocnemius
Triangular (convergent): pec major, temporalis
Parallel: rectus abdominus, zygomaticus major
Circular: orbicularis oculi, urethral and anal sphincters
Pennate: rectus femoris, deltoid
ways in which muscle attach to bone - correct answer ✔✔Indirect: tendons attach muscle to
bone
Direct: fleshy attachment to bone
Some skeletal muscles do not insert on bone, but in dermis of the skin
how tendons attach muscle to bone - correct answer ✔✔collagen fibers fibers of endo-, peri-,
and epimysium continue into the tendon, the tendon merges into the periosteum of bone
-aponeurosis: tendon is a broad, flat sheet
origin and insertion definition - correct answer ✔✔Origin: bony attachment at stationary end of
muscle
Insertion: bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
functional groups of muscles with example - correct answer ✔✔for elbow flexion
Prime mover (agonist): brachialis
Synergist: biceps brachii
Antagonist: triceps brachii
Fixator: rhomboideus
, intrinsic vs extrinsic muscles - correct answer ✔✔Intrinsic: contained within a region (both
origin and insertion there)
Extrinsic: act on a designated regions, but has origins elsewhere
characteristics of muscle - correct answer ✔✔Responsiveness (excitability): to chemical signals,
stretch and electrical changes across plasma membrane
Conductivity: local electrical change triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle
fiber
Contractility: shortens when stimulated
Extensibility: capable of being stretched between contractions
Elasticity: returns to its original resting length after being stretched
properties of skeletal muscle - correct answer ✔✔voluntary, straitaed muscle attached to one or
more bones
myofiber - correct answer ✔✔muscle cell/muscle fiber, composed of myofibrils
myofibrils - correct answer ✔✔long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the
interior of a muscle fiber, composed of myofilaments
myofilament - correct answer ✔✔protein microfilament responsible for muscle cell contraction,
composed of myosin or actin proteins
functions of each part of a muscle fiber - correct answer ✔✔Sarcolemma: plasma membrane of
a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
Mitochondria: packed in spaces between myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR): smooth ER that forms a network around each myofibril-calcium
reservoir
