NSG 5140 MIDTERM EXAM 2025/2026
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM ||
ACCURATE AND FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|| LATEST
AND COMPLETE UPDATE WITH EXPERT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| SURE PASS!!
What is a researcher in the field of nutritional genomics least likely to study? -
CORRECT ANS>>the interaction between genetically engineered enzymes and
their substrates
When the pH of the stomach is increased to manage GERD, over time, the
stomach may not be acidic enough. What is the most likely outcome of this
strategy? - CORRECT ANS>>decreased protein digestion
Which disaccharide is commonly found in mushrooms? - CORRECT
ANS>>trehalose
By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids? -
CORRECT ANS>>by absorbing/interacting with lipids
Functional fiber is currently defined as - CORRECT ANS>>carbohydrates that
are nondigestible by human enzymes; have been isolated, extracted, or
manufactured and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in
humans
,Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index? - CORRECT
ANS>>kidney beans
Which protein does the FDA specify as a standard for comparison of protein
quality? - CORRECT ANS>>Casein
Which phrase best describes the function of the crypts of Lieberkühn? -
CORRECT ANS>>Cellular differentiation
Identify a nonspecific response to injury involving phagocytic cells,
neutrophils, and macrophages. - CORRECT ANS>>inflammation
The sodium-potassium pump moves 3 Na⁺ ions out and 2 K⁺ ions into the cell,
creating an electrochemical gradient essential for membrane potential. -
CORRECT ANS>>Sodium-Potassium Pump
Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell due to their role in
oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation. - CORRECT
ANS>>Mitochondria
In metabolic acidosis, there is a loss of bicarbonate or accumulation of acids,
lowering both bicarbonate and pH. - CORRECT ANS>>Metabolic Acidosis Lab
Values
,B cells differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies, central to
humoral immunity. - CORRECT ANS>>B Lymphocytes
Reversible injury often involves failure of ion pumps leading to water influx
and cell swelling. - CORRECT ANS>>Hallmark of Reversible Cellular Injury
IL-1 acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature set point, causing
fever. - CORRECT ANS>>Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Type 1 DM is an autoimmune condition where T-cells destroy insulin-
producing beta cells in the pancreas. - CORRECT ANS>>Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus
Redness (rubor) results from vasodilation and increased blood flow to the
inflamed area. - CORRECT ANS>>Cardinal Sign of Acute Inflammation
Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol in the - CORRECT ANS>>Liver
What is the name of the enzyme in saliva that digests starch? - ANSWER:
amylase
What is the carrier for medium-chain fatty acids in portal circulation? -
ANSWER:
, Albumin
What hormone increases appetite - CORRECT ANS>>ghrelin
Which of the following is considered a functional fiber - CORRECT
ANS>>psyllium
Which source of fiber would be the best to add to one's diet in order to lower
serum lipid concentrations? - CORRECT ANS>>barley β-glucan and
methylcellulose
How does orlistat reduce absorption of dietary fat? - CORRECT ANS>>by
inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase
A manufacturer can claim that its product is an "excellent" source of fiber if
the product contains at least what percentage of the recommendations for
fiber? - CORRECT ANS>>20
Which of the following is not usually an effect of bacterial overgrowth in the
small intestine? - CORRECT ANS>>celiac disease
In what part of the cell does glycolysis take occur - CORRECT ANS>>cytosol
The enzyme ATP synthase is believed to catalyze the formation of ATP, as
described by the theory. - CORRECT ANS>>chemiosmotic
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM ||
ACCURATE AND FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|| LATEST
AND COMPLETE UPDATE WITH EXPERT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| SURE PASS!!
What is a researcher in the field of nutritional genomics least likely to study? -
CORRECT ANS>>the interaction between genetically engineered enzymes and
their substrates
When the pH of the stomach is increased to manage GERD, over time, the
stomach may not be acidic enough. What is the most likely outcome of this
strategy? - CORRECT ANS>>decreased protein digestion
Which disaccharide is commonly found in mushrooms? - CORRECT
ANS>>trehalose
By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids? -
CORRECT ANS>>by absorbing/interacting with lipids
Functional fiber is currently defined as - CORRECT ANS>>carbohydrates that
are nondigestible by human enzymes; have been isolated, extracted, or
manufactured and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in
humans
,Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index? - CORRECT
ANS>>kidney beans
Which protein does the FDA specify as a standard for comparison of protein
quality? - CORRECT ANS>>Casein
Which phrase best describes the function of the crypts of Lieberkühn? -
CORRECT ANS>>Cellular differentiation
Identify a nonspecific response to injury involving phagocytic cells,
neutrophils, and macrophages. - CORRECT ANS>>inflammation
The sodium-potassium pump moves 3 Na⁺ ions out and 2 K⁺ ions into the cell,
creating an electrochemical gradient essential for membrane potential. -
CORRECT ANS>>Sodium-Potassium Pump
Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell due to their role in
oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation. - CORRECT
ANS>>Mitochondria
In metabolic acidosis, there is a loss of bicarbonate or accumulation of acids,
lowering both bicarbonate and pH. - CORRECT ANS>>Metabolic Acidosis Lab
Values
,B cells differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies, central to
humoral immunity. - CORRECT ANS>>B Lymphocytes
Reversible injury often involves failure of ion pumps leading to water influx
and cell swelling. - CORRECT ANS>>Hallmark of Reversible Cellular Injury
IL-1 acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature set point, causing
fever. - CORRECT ANS>>Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Type 1 DM is an autoimmune condition where T-cells destroy insulin-
producing beta cells in the pancreas. - CORRECT ANS>>Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus
Redness (rubor) results from vasodilation and increased blood flow to the
inflamed area. - CORRECT ANS>>Cardinal Sign of Acute Inflammation
Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol in the - CORRECT ANS>>Liver
What is the name of the enzyme in saliva that digests starch? - ANSWER:
amylase
What is the carrier for medium-chain fatty acids in portal circulation? -
ANSWER:
, Albumin
What hormone increases appetite - CORRECT ANS>>ghrelin
Which of the following is considered a functional fiber - CORRECT
ANS>>psyllium
Which source of fiber would be the best to add to one's diet in order to lower
serum lipid concentrations? - CORRECT ANS>>barley β-glucan and
methylcellulose
How does orlistat reduce absorption of dietary fat? - CORRECT ANS>>by
inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase
A manufacturer can claim that its product is an "excellent" source of fiber if
the product contains at least what percentage of the recommendations for
fiber? - CORRECT ANS>>20
Which of the following is not usually an effect of bacterial overgrowth in the
small intestine? - CORRECT ANS>>celiac disease
In what part of the cell does glycolysis take occur - CORRECT ANS>>cytosol
The enzyme ATP synthase is believed to catalyze the formation of ATP, as
described by the theory. - CORRECT ANS>>chemiosmotic
