TCAR - module 3. The body's response to injury 2025
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there are only two ways to drop H and H levels, what are they? - ANSWER
1. dilute the blood with IV fluids
2. fluid compartment shift
if a patient bleeds out quickly what will their hemoglobin level be? Low, normal, or
high? - ANSWER normal!
shock is a state in which.... - ANSWER cellular metabolic oxygen demand
exceeds supply
tissue oxygenation cascade - ANSWER
when a patient is hypovolemic, one way to compensate for the decrease in
intravascular fluid is to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys. which two
processes occur to achieve this? - ANSWER ADH release from the
posterior pituitary gland to the kidneys, and RAAS
The role of inflammation in traumatic shock is complex and incompletely
understood.
However, inflammatory mediators both hyperstimulate and suppress immune
function.
Although inflammatory responses are present shortly after injury, they are chiefly
important in the post-resuscitative period, where they influence SIRS and impact
healing. - ANSWER
Ventilation is the initial step in the tissue oxygenation cascade. But getting oxygen
into the lungs isn't enough. It must diffuse through the alveoli to the capillaries.
Diffusion isn't helpful unless there's adequate hemoglobin available to pick up the
oxygen once it's passed through the alveoli. And hemoglobin does no good unless
there's sufficient cardiac output to send oxygenated red cells to where they need to
go. The final step in the tissue oxygenation cascade-and the only one that counts in
the end-is tissue oxygen utilization. Can the cells both get and use the delivered
oxygen? - ANSWER ventilation --- diffusion--- hemoglobin availability -----
cardiac output ---- tissue oxygen utilization
pulmonary contusions can cause... - ANSWER damage to the capillaries
and alveoli which can cause issues with diffusion and there for.... oxygenation
, which parameter do we use to measure a patients ventilation status?
saturation / SpO2
arterial oxygen / PaO2
carbon dioxide/ PaCo2, EtCO2 - ANSWER carbon dioxide
can a patient be well oxygenation without being adequately ventilated and vice
versa? - ANSWER yes
can be well oxygenated without being well ventilated- ex. patient breathing 8 times
a minute, shallow respirations. but the patient is receiving O2 via facemask.
can be well ventilated without being well oxygenation. ex- patient with a PE
breathing 30 times a minute. he is ventilating sufficiently, but not oxygenation due
to poor lung perfusion
why do patients hyperventilate? - ANSWER to blow off extra CO2, to
create a resp. alkalosis, to compensate for metabolic acidosis, caused by lactic acid
production, due to poor tissue oxygenation
classic pattern and early sign of trauma patient deterioration.
trauma patient etiologies of issues with ventilation... - ANSWER rib
fractures
spinal cord injury
airway occlusion
altered mental status
resp. depressant medications
causes of poor diffusion - ANSWER problems with alveoli---
acute:
pulmonary edema
inhalation injuries
pneumonia
ARDS
chronic:
Update|Most Tested Questions And
Verified Solutions (Already Graded A+)|
Assured Success !!!
there are only two ways to drop H and H levels, what are they? - ANSWER
1. dilute the blood with IV fluids
2. fluid compartment shift
if a patient bleeds out quickly what will their hemoglobin level be? Low, normal, or
high? - ANSWER normal!
shock is a state in which.... - ANSWER cellular metabolic oxygen demand
exceeds supply
tissue oxygenation cascade - ANSWER
when a patient is hypovolemic, one way to compensate for the decrease in
intravascular fluid is to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys. which two
processes occur to achieve this? - ANSWER ADH release from the
posterior pituitary gland to the kidneys, and RAAS
The role of inflammation in traumatic shock is complex and incompletely
understood.
However, inflammatory mediators both hyperstimulate and suppress immune
function.
Although inflammatory responses are present shortly after injury, they are chiefly
important in the post-resuscitative period, where they influence SIRS and impact
healing. - ANSWER
Ventilation is the initial step in the tissue oxygenation cascade. But getting oxygen
into the lungs isn't enough. It must diffuse through the alveoli to the capillaries.
Diffusion isn't helpful unless there's adequate hemoglobin available to pick up the
oxygen once it's passed through the alveoli. And hemoglobin does no good unless
there's sufficient cardiac output to send oxygenated red cells to where they need to
go. The final step in the tissue oxygenation cascade-and the only one that counts in
the end-is tissue oxygen utilization. Can the cells both get and use the delivered
oxygen? - ANSWER ventilation --- diffusion--- hemoglobin availability -----
cardiac output ---- tissue oxygen utilization
pulmonary contusions can cause... - ANSWER damage to the capillaries
and alveoli which can cause issues with diffusion and there for.... oxygenation
, which parameter do we use to measure a patients ventilation status?
saturation / SpO2
arterial oxygen / PaO2
carbon dioxide/ PaCo2, EtCO2 - ANSWER carbon dioxide
can a patient be well oxygenation without being adequately ventilated and vice
versa? - ANSWER yes
can be well oxygenated without being well ventilated- ex. patient breathing 8 times
a minute, shallow respirations. but the patient is receiving O2 via facemask.
can be well ventilated without being well oxygenation. ex- patient with a PE
breathing 30 times a minute. he is ventilating sufficiently, but not oxygenation due
to poor lung perfusion
why do patients hyperventilate? - ANSWER to blow off extra CO2, to
create a resp. alkalosis, to compensate for metabolic acidosis, caused by lactic acid
production, due to poor tissue oxygenation
classic pattern and early sign of trauma patient deterioration.
trauma patient etiologies of issues with ventilation... - ANSWER rib
fractures
spinal cord injury
airway occlusion
altered mental status
resp. depressant medications
causes of poor diffusion - ANSWER problems with alveoli---
acute:
pulmonary edema
inhalation injuries
pneumonia
ARDS
chronic:
