NSG 530 – Advanced Pathophysiology (Wilkes
University) | Exams 1–4 Complete Pack | 2025
Verified Questions with Correct Answers | PDF Study
Guide A+
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition is
associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔B) Symptoms include
painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What
is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such
symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
,C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and vitamin D
deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis.
Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. What is
the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding this
child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
,A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔The exact mechanism of immune
complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is
the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Henoch-Schonlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most likely
diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Urethral valves and polyps
, Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in
ovulatory cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Primary dysmenorrhea
Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary amenorrhea?
A) Abnormal thyroid function
B) Irregular prolactin production
C) Pituitary gland dysfunction
D) Unknown pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Unknown pregnancy
A 24-year-old female presents with severe abdominal pain and fever that is believed to be a result of
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) stemming from a Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Which question
will most likely identify the cause of her symptoms?
A) "Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?"
University) | Exams 1–4 Complete Pack | 2025
Verified Questions with Correct Answers | PDF Study
Guide A+
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition is
associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔B) Symptoms include
painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What
is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such
symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
,C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and vitamin D
deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis.
Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. What is
the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding this
child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
,A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔The exact mechanism of immune
complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is
the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Henoch-Schonlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most likely
diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Urethral valves and polyps
, Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in
ovulatory cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Primary dysmenorrhea
Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary amenorrhea?
A) Abnormal thyroid function
B) Irregular prolactin production
C) Pituitary gland dysfunction
D) Unknown pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Unknown pregnancy
A 24-year-old female presents with severe abdominal pain and fever that is believed to be a result of
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) stemming from a Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Which question
will most likely identify the cause of her symptoms?
A) "Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?"
