Carleton University- NEUR 1202/ NEUR1202 | Mock Final PLSG Fall 2025 | Complete Questions and Answers | All 100% correct updated Fall 2025/26.

Mock Final PLSG Fall 2025 Multiple Choice - 1 point each (**fill in** points total) 1. What is not one of the 3 subtypes of ADHD an individual can be diagnosed with? a. Predominantly inattentive b. Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive c. Predominantly inattentive-impulsive d. Combined 2. Which brain regions does the mesolimbic reward pathway consist of? a. Ventral tegmental area (VTA), motor cortex, putamen, and cerebellum b. Amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and cerebellum c. VTA, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, amygdala, and PFC d. Nucleus accumbens, amygdala, sensory cortex, PFC, and motor cortex 3. True or false: no anatomical abnormalities have been identified in the brain in autism. a. True b. False 4. What happens to brain development in ASD by age 2-3? a. The number of prefrontal neurons has been cut in half b. The cerebellum has grown twice the size c. Brain size has increased, particularly the surface area of the cortex and amygdala d. The temporal lobe and occipital lobe sizes have increased 5. True or false: Antipsychotic treatment is effective in reducing all symptoms of schizophrenia. a. True b. False 6. Pathological amounts of anxiety / worrying characterize GAD. How does the neurobiology reflect this? a. Increased activity of the amygdala b. Increased activity of the hippocampus c. Decreased activity of PFC and amygdala d. A & C e. B & C 7. Which of the following is not a negative symptom of schizophrenia? a. Affect b. Hallucinations c. Anhedonia d. Asociality 8. What is the main neurotransmitter involved in the reward pathway? Serotonin b. Dopamine c. Acetylcholine d. Glutamate 9. In ADHD, what is the relationship between the default mode network (DMN) and task network? a. They are unrelated to each other b. When task network activity increases, DMN activity increases c. When task network activity increases, DMN activity decreases d. The DMN inhibits the task network 10. True or false: early cannabis use has no effect on the brain. a. True b. False 11. In major depressive disorder (MDD), decreased volume is seen in which brain regions? a. PFC, hippocampus, amygdala, and basal ganglia b. Hippocampus, cerebellum, nucleus accumbens, and VTA c. PFC, hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens d. None of the above 12. Select the statement that best describes individuals with autism spectrum disorder. a. They show repetitive and restrictive behaviour b. Anhedonia c. They often use coping mechanisms to mask difficulties in public d. A & C 13. True or false: increased bouts of prolonged stress are correlated with increased risk of depression. a. True b. False 14. Which of the following is false regarding bipolar disorder? a. Bipolar II disorder requires at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode b. There is a decrease in neurotropic factors in bipolar disorder c. There is reduced gray matter and increased activity of the limbic system d. Lithium works by decreasing BDNF, which decreases symptoms of BPD 15. In affective regulation in personality disorders, there is increased ___________ activation. a. Cortical b. Occipital lobe c. Dopamine d. Amygdala Which of the following is implicated in OCD? a. HPA axis b. HPG c. CSTC d. Mesolimbic reward pathway 17. Which of the following statements regarding schizophrenia is correct? a. Schizophrenia symptoms are split into positive & negative symptoms b. There are six different types of schizophrenia outlined in the DSM-IV c. It is highly environmentally determined d. Parenting style plays a role in the development of schizophrenia 18. What is fear best described as? a. An internal state without an external threat b. Discomfort in novel situations c. Discomfort caused by environmental factors d. A response to an external threat 19. In OCD, how is the CSTC loop activity affected? a. The circuit is underactive b. The circuit is overactive c. The circuit is completely dysfunctional d. The circuit is not connected properly, leading to incorrect activation of brain 20. Which of the following is not an appropriate treatment for GAD? a. Psychotherapy, including CBT & ACT b. Chlorpromazine c. Psychodynamic psychotherapy d. A & C 21. Which of the following does not increase a person’s probability of developing paranoid personality disorder? a. Having previously experience a valid reason to be paranoid (stalked, watched by spies, etc) b. Having relatives with schizophrenia c. Experienced childhood traumatic events d. Having a family member with paranoid personality disorder 22. Why might individuals with ADHD use recreational drugs, or prefer sugary foods? a. They lack serotonin and using/consuming drugs and sugar release more serotonin b. Their dopamine levels are too low, and recreational drugs and sugar can increase dopamine release in the brain c. Their dopamine levels are too high, and recreational drugs and sugar can decrease dopamine release in the brain d. They don’t actually prefer or consume drugs or sugary foods What is borderline personality disorder often misdiagnosed as? a. Major depressive disorder b. Bipolar disorder c. Anxiety disorder d. Antisocial personality disorder 24. Which of the following is true regarding the monoamine hypothesis of depression? a. Depression is caused by overactive serotonin pathways. b. Antidepressants that target monoamines provide immediate relief from depressive symptoms. c. It suggests that depression involves a deficit in monoamine neurotransmission. d. Suggests that high cortisol levels are the primary cause of depression. 25. Which of the following differentiates Bipolar I from Bipolar II? a. Bipolar I does not involve depressive episodes. b. Bipolar II requires the presence of a hypomanic episode. c. Bipolar I is characterized by milder manic episodes. d. Bipolar II has a higher prevalence of psychosis. 26. During chronic stress, damage to which brain region disrupts the regulation of the HPA axis? a. Amygdala b. Hippocampus c. Prefrontal cortex d. Cerebellum 27. Which hormone is associated with hunger and is elevated in individuals with anorexia? a. Ghrelin b. Leptin c. Insulin d. Cortisol Short Definitions (1 point each - 10 points total) Theory of Mind: Comorbidity: Anxiety: Delusions of Grandeur: Obsessions: Rate of Cycling: Stimming: Addiction: Histone Acetylation: Monoamine: Ghrelin: Leptin: Long Definitions (2 points each - 10 points total) Genome Wide Association Test: Alerting Network: Anxiolytics: EPSP (Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential): Anorexia Nervosa: 1. What is the name of the reward system? Name the brain regions involved and explain how this pathway works when activated. (3 points) 2. In your own words, identity and describe two different factors which contribute to etiology of personality disorders. (2 points) 3. List 3 pieces of evidence which support how cytokines might be related to depression. (3 points) 4. In class we discussed 3 Neurobiological theories of Bipolar Disorder. Choose one and describe it in detail. (4 points) This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :55:50 GMT -05:00 its dysfunction contributes to the characteristic symptoms of OCD. (5) BONUS: Identify three treatments used for OCD and briefly describe each. (3 points)