BIOL 2114 Lecture Exam 4 Review
Questions and Correct Answers 2025
Update.
Understand the type and functions of the cells found within the stomach. - Answer The
epithelial lining of the stomach is composed of: gastric pits containing gastric glands that secrete
gastric juice, mucus, and gastrin.
Gastric glands of the fundus and body of the stomach have variety of secretory cells. What are
these cells and what do they do? - Answer Mucous "neck" cells- secrete alkaline mucus to
prevent uncontrollable drops in ph.
Parietal cells- secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of
vitamin B12)
Chief cells- secrete pepsinogen (pepsinogen, in the presence of HCl will be converted into active
pepsin, which breaks down proteins into their constituent peptides)
The stomach lining is exposed to the harshest conditions in the digestive tract. What qualities
allow it to withstand these conditions? - Answer To keep the stomach from digesting itself it
has a mucosal barrier with:
a thick coat of bicarbonate-rich mucus on the stomach wall.
Epithelial cells that are joined by tight junctions-impermeable to HCl.
Damaged epithelial cells are quickly replaced.
What is the purpose of having the oblique layer of smooth muscle within the stomach? -
Answer In addition to the circular and longitudinal muscle layers that are typically seen in
hollow gastrointestinal organs, the stomach has an additional oblique layer that:
Allows the stomach to churn, twist, mix, and pummel food physically.
Breaks down food into smaller fragments.
Understand how the stomach is innervated and the different "phases" of mental gastric
stimulation. - Answer The stomach contains sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers of the
autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic innervation decreases stomach activity while parasympathetic increases.
Neural and hormonal mechanisms regulate the release of gastric juice. Stimulatory and
Questions and Correct Answers 2025
Update.
Understand the type and functions of the cells found within the stomach. - Answer The
epithelial lining of the stomach is composed of: gastric pits containing gastric glands that secrete
gastric juice, mucus, and gastrin.
Gastric glands of the fundus and body of the stomach have variety of secretory cells. What are
these cells and what do they do? - Answer Mucous "neck" cells- secrete alkaline mucus to
prevent uncontrollable drops in ph.
Parietal cells- secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of
vitamin B12)
Chief cells- secrete pepsinogen (pepsinogen, in the presence of HCl will be converted into active
pepsin, which breaks down proteins into their constituent peptides)
The stomach lining is exposed to the harshest conditions in the digestive tract. What qualities
allow it to withstand these conditions? - Answer To keep the stomach from digesting itself it
has a mucosal barrier with:
a thick coat of bicarbonate-rich mucus on the stomach wall.
Epithelial cells that are joined by tight junctions-impermeable to HCl.
Damaged epithelial cells are quickly replaced.
What is the purpose of having the oblique layer of smooth muscle within the stomach? -
Answer In addition to the circular and longitudinal muscle layers that are typically seen in
hollow gastrointestinal organs, the stomach has an additional oblique layer that:
Allows the stomach to churn, twist, mix, and pummel food physically.
Breaks down food into smaller fragments.
Understand how the stomach is innervated and the different "phases" of mental gastric
stimulation. - Answer The stomach contains sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers of the
autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic innervation decreases stomach activity while parasympathetic increases.
Neural and hormonal mechanisms regulate the release of gastric juice. Stimulatory and
