Lecture notes EEE1006 (EEE1006)

What's Included in This Essential Study Pack: I. Digital Logic Fundamentals & Sequential Circuits: Sequential Logic & Flip-Flops: In-depth coverage of SR Latches (NOR gate implementation) and SR Flip-Flops. Detailed truth tables and explanations of sequential circuit behavior, including "has memory" concept. Exploration of D-Flip-Flops and their edge-triggered operation. Practical examples of simplified logic circuits and priority encoders. An engaging "The Game" circuit example illustrating time priority encoding. Binary Numbers & Adder Circuits: Clear instructions on converting binary numbers to decimal and vice-versa. Diagrams and explanations of Half Adder and Full Adder circuits, including least and most significant bits. The 555 Timer IC - Theory & Applications: Comprehensive breakdown of the popular 555 Timer IC, including pinout and internal block diagram. Detailed analysis of Bistable, Astable, and Monostable modes of operation, with circuit diagrams and waveform illustrations. Essential formulas for calculating delay, frequency, and duty cycle. NEW! Practical applications of the 555 timer for Astable (LED brightness, motor speed, SMPS, PWM generation), Bistable (Flip-Flop), and Monostable modes (timers, bounce-free/touch switches, missing pulse detection, frequency divider). II. Core Circuit Analysis & Theorems: Kirchhoff's Laws & Basic Circuit Analysis: Clear definitions and applications of Kirchhoff's Voltage and Current Laws. Guidance on Nodal Analysis and calculating maximum power. Detailed problem-solving practice for complex circuits, including solutions using simultaneous equations to find currents and voltages. Step-by-step methodology for handling circuits with multiple parallel branches. Comprehensive Wheatstone Bridge Practice: Multiple methods for calculating unknown resistance (Rx) in a Wheatstone Bridge. Analysis of balanced and unbalanced bridge scenarios, including the condition where current through an ammeter is 0A. Step-by-step conversion of complex bridge circuits into simpler square equivalents. Practice problems for calculating voltmeter readings across bridge nodes using voltage divider rules. NEW! Examples of "The Plant Question" and "The Robot Question" to demonstrate real-world sensor applications (LDRs, 2-sensor system). In-Depth Nodal Analysis & Voltage Determination: Practical application of Nodal Analysis to complex circuits with multiple current sources and resistors. Strategies for identifying nodes and setting up simultaneous equations (KVL/KCL) to solve for unknown node voltages. Techniques for redrawing nodes to simplify analysis. Understanding current flow from high to low potential in complex networks. Mastering Thevenin's Theorem: Complete step-by-step guide to applying Thevenin's Theorem for circuit simplification. Detailed procedures for finding Thevenin Resistance (RTH) by replacing voltage sources with short circuits and current sources with open circuits. Comprehensive method for calculating Thevenin Voltage (VTH) across specified terminals by removing the load resistor. Practical examples demonstrating the application of Kirchhoff's Laws to determine VTH. Reconstruction of the Thevenin equivalent circuit for straightforward current and voltage calculations. III. Semiconductor Devices & Applications: Diodes & Semiconductors: Detailed overview of N-type, P-type semiconductors, and PN junctions. Explanation of diode characteristics, forward/reverse bias, and I-V graphs. Practical diode circuit tips for real-world applications. Advanced Diode Circuit Analysis: Detailed examples of multi-diode circuits involving silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) diodes. Step-by-step methodology for determining if diodes are "on" or "off." Application of Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) to complex diode networks. Calculation of output voltages (Vout) and current flow through various resistors in intricate diode configurations. Emphasis on understanding potential differences to determine diode states. Transistors & Amplifiers: Detailed overview of NPN and PNP Transistors, including their symbols and current flow conventions. Essential formulas for transistor current relationships (e.g., βhfe, IC = βIB). Understanding transistors as switches (Cutoff, Active, Saturation regions) and their voltage divider configuration. NEW! Extensive transistor practice problems covering calculations of IC, IE, IB, and Vout in BJT circuits. NEW! Introduction to the Common Emitter Amplifier, explaining its components (bypass capacitor, voltage divider bias) and calculating voltage, current, and power gain. IV. Passive Components & Energy Storage: Capacitance & Energy Storage: Fundamentals of Capacitance, including definitions and formulas (Q=CV, U=1/2QV, E=EoErA/d). Detailed explanation of capacitors in series and parallel. Essential conversion values for capacitance units (mF, µF, nF, pF). Graphical analysis of capacitor charging and discharging, complete with relevant exponential equations. Factors affecting capacitance (Area, Separation distance, Dielectric constant).