2023-2026 HESI Pharmacology V1 \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
exam with correct answers \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's serum
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calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer as
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prescribed to the client?1. Calcium chloride \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
2. Calcium gluconate
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3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
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4. Large doses of vitamin D - correct answer✔✔3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
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Rationale: \|/\\//
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing
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hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large
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doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma
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calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the serum calcium concentration.
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Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron deficiency anemia. The
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nurse instructs the mother to administer the iron with which best food item?
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1. Milk
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2. Water
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3. Apple juice
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4. Orange juice - correct answer✔✔4. Orange juice
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Rationale: \|/\\//
Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be instructed to
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administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may
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,affect absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a
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greater amount of vitamin C than apple juice. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the
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client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity
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from this medication? \|/\\// \|/\\//
1. Tinnitus
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2. Diarrhea
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3. Constipation
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4. Decreased Respirations - correct answer✔✔1. Tinnitus
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Rationale: \|/\\//
Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result.
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Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constipation \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
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The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have applied
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sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective when \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
applied:
1. Immediately before swimming
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2. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
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3. Immediately before exposure to the sun
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4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun - correct answer✔✔4. At least 30 minutes
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before exposure to the sun \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Rationale: \|/\\//
Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun so \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
that they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should be reapplied after swimming or
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sweating
,Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for the client with a burn injury. When applying \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
the medication, the client complains of local discomfort and burning. Which of the following
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is the most appropriate nursing action?
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1. Notifying the registered nurse
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2. Discontinuing the medication
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3. Informing the client that this is normal
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4. Applying a thinner film than prescribed to the burn site - correct answer✔✔3. Informing
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the client that this is normal
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Rationale: \|/\\//
Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and is used \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
to treat burns to reduce bacteria present in avascular tissues. The client should be informed
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that the medication will cause local discomfort and burning and that this is a normal reaction;
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therefore options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) to the site of
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injury. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following indicates that a
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systemic effect has occurred?1.Hyperventilation \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
2.Elevated blood pressure \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
3.Local pain at the burn site \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
4.Local rash at the burn site - correct answer✔✔1.Hyperventilation \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Rationale: \|/\\//
Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal excretion of acid, \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be monitored for signs of an
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acid-base imbalance (hyperventilation). If this occurs, the medication should be discontinued \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
for 1 to 2 days. Options 3 and 4 describe local rather than syeffects. An elevated blood
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pressure may be expected from the pain that occurs with a burn injury. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
, Isotretinoin is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the administration of this \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
medication, the nurse anticipates that which laboratory test will be prescribed? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
1. Platelet count
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2. Triglyceride level
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3. Complete blood count
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4. White blood cell count - correct answer✔✔2. Triglyceride level
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Rationale: \|/\\//
Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood triglyceride levels should be measured \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
before treatment and periodically thereafter until the effect on the triglycerides has been
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evaluated. Options 1, 3, and 4 do not need to be monitored specifically during this treatment.
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A client with severe acne is seen in the clinic and the health care provider (HCP) prescribes
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isotretinoin. The nurse reviews the client's medication record and would contact the (HCP) if \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
the client is taking which medication?
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1. Vitamin A
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2. Digoxin (Lanoxin)
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3. Furosemide (Lasix)
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4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) - correct answer✔✔1. Vitamin A
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Rationale: \|/\\//
Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can produce generalized intensification of \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
isotretinoin toxicity. Because of the potential for increased toxicity, vitamin A supplements
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should be discontinued before isotretinoin therapy. Options 2, 3, and 4 are not
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contraindicated with the use of isotretinoin \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse would
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monitor for the potential for increased systemic absorption of the medication if the
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medication were being applied to which of the following body areas? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
exam with correct answers \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's serum
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calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer as
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prescribed to the client?1. Calcium chloride \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
2. Calcium gluconate
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3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
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4. Large doses of vitamin D - correct answer✔✔3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
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Rationale: \|/\\//
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing
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hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large
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doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma
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calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the serum calcium concentration.
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Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron deficiency anemia. The
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nurse instructs the mother to administer the iron with which best food item?
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1. Milk
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2. Water
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3. Apple juice
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4. Orange juice - correct answer✔✔4. Orange juice
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Rationale: \|/\\//
Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be instructed to
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administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may
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,affect absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a
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greater amount of vitamin C than apple juice. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the
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client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity
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from this medication? \|/\\// \|/\\//
1. Tinnitus
\|/\\//
2. Diarrhea
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3. Constipation
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4. Decreased Respirations - correct answer✔✔1. Tinnitus
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Rationale: \|/\\//
Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result.
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Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constipation \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
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The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have applied
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sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective when \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
applied:
1. Immediately before swimming
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2. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
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3. Immediately before exposure to the sun
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4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun - correct answer✔✔4. At least 30 minutes
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before exposure to the sun \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Rationale: \|/\\//
Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun so \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
that they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should be reapplied after swimming or
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sweating
,Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for the client with a burn injury. When applying \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
the medication, the client complains of local discomfort and burning. Which of the following
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is the most appropriate nursing action?
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1. Notifying the registered nurse
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2. Discontinuing the medication
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3. Informing the client that this is normal
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4. Applying a thinner film than prescribed to the burn site - correct answer✔✔3. Informing
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the client that this is normal
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Rationale: \|/\\//
Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and is used \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
to treat burns to reduce bacteria present in avascular tissues. The client should be informed
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that the medication will cause local discomfort and burning and that this is a normal reaction;
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therefore options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) to the site of
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injury. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following indicates that a
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systemic effect has occurred?1.Hyperventilation \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
2.Elevated blood pressure \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
3.Local pain at the burn site \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
4.Local rash at the burn site - correct answer✔✔1.Hyperventilation \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Rationale: \|/\\//
Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal excretion of acid, \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be monitored for signs of an
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
acid-base imbalance (hyperventilation). If this occurs, the medication should be discontinued \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
for 1 to 2 days. Options 3 and 4 describe local rather than syeffects. An elevated blood
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pressure may be expected from the pain that occurs with a burn injury. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
, Isotretinoin is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the administration of this \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
medication, the nurse anticipates that which laboratory test will be prescribed? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
1. Platelet count
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2. Triglyceride level
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3. Complete blood count
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4. White blood cell count - correct answer✔✔2. Triglyceride level
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Rationale: \|/\\//
Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood triglyceride levels should be measured \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
before treatment and periodically thereafter until the effect on the triglycerides has been
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
evaluated. Options 1, 3, and 4 do not need to be monitored specifically during this treatment.
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
A client with severe acne is seen in the clinic and the health care provider (HCP) prescribes
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isotretinoin. The nurse reviews the client's medication record and would contact the (HCP) if \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
the client is taking which medication?
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
1. Vitamin A
\|/\\// \|/\\//
2. Digoxin (Lanoxin)
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
3. Furosemide (Lasix)
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) - correct answer✔✔1. Vitamin A
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Rationale: \|/\\//
Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can produce generalized intensification of \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
isotretinoin toxicity. Because of the potential for increased toxicity, vitamin A supplements
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
should be discontinued before isotretinoin therapy. Options 2, 3, and 4 are not
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
contraindicated with the use of isotretinoin \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse would
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
monitor for the potential for increased systemic absorption of the medication if the
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
medication were being applied to which of the following body areas? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
