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Farmacologie thema 2 (zelf een 9 mee gehaald)

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Hierbij de aantekeningen van thema 2 van het blok farmacologie. Zelf heb ik hiermee een 9 gehaald, dus ik hoop jullie te kunnen helpen, ook een goed cijfer te halen!

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Uploaded on
September 16, 2025
Number of pages
7
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
M.h.m. hessel dr. j. van smeden
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HC 6 – autonomic nervous system (ANS): norepinefrine &
acetylcholine systeem
Autonome zenuwstelsel
Het autonome zenuwstelsel is cruciaal in het behouden van homeostase (= het behouden van de
body integriteit in het milieu door aan te passen aan veranderende condities: gladde spieren, klieren,
het hart, energieverbruik)
- Temperatuur: cold vs hot (rillen vs zweten)
- Blood pressure: aanpassen aan postuur en vraag
- Labour (arbeid): blood naar actieve spieren
- Eten: vertering
à cardiovasculair, respiratoir, digestive, urinair & reproductive systems

Veranderingen in bloed vraag:
• 3 receptor typen in hart & bloedvaten
• Neurotransmitters (NA & A) met verschillende affiniteit voor deze receptor typen



Sympatisch vs parasympatisch
Parasympatisch = rest-digest vegetative functions
- Preganglionair: hersenstam of centrale regio’s - AcH – nicotinic receptor
- Postganglionair: orgaan - AcH – muscarinic receptor

Sympatisch = fight-flight-fright respons
- Preganglionair; hersenstam of wervelkanaal - AcH – nicotinic receptor
- Postganglionair: ganglia - NA – adrenergische receptor
Zweetklier: pre: AcH (nicotinic) & post: AcH (muscarinic)
Adrenal gland: AcH (nicotinic) à afgeven adrenaline

Somatisch efferent (willekeurig) in skeletspieren: AcH (nicotinic) – ander type ionkanalen

à balans verschuift als functie van de vraag

Agonist/antagonist
Antagonist nicotinic receptor à geen autonomisch zenuwstelsel meer
Antagonist/agonist noradrenaline/adrenaline (adrenergische receptor) à sympatisch
Antagonist/agonist muscarinic receptor à parasympatisch




Sommige organen dubbel geïnerveerd:
• Hart PS: relaxatie S: activatie
• Ogen, blaas, darm PS: activatie S: relaxatie
• Long PS: constrictie S: dilatatie
• Sfincter PS: relaxatie S: constrictie
• Penis PS: erectie S: ejaculatie

, Medicijnen beïnvloeden ANS
• Initiatie = synthese & release neurotransmitters
• Effect = receptor actie (antagonist/agonist)
• Terminatie = reuptake & breakdown




Lyticum vs mimenticum
Lyticum = inhibitie (beta blocker sympathicolyticum)
- Agonist auto-receptor
- Antagonist postsynaptische receptor
Mimenticum = stimuleren
- Antagonist auto-receptor
- Agonist postsynaptische receptor
- Re-uptake blocker

Receptortypen
Acetylcholine
• Nicotinic – 3 klassen ionkanalen
• Muscarinic – M1 tm M5 GPCR
Noradrenaline
• Adrenergisch
o Alfa 1 & 2 – GPCR
o Beta 1 tm 3 – GPCR
Dopamine: GPCR Serotonine: ionkanalen & GPCR

Noradrenaline synthese
Synaps
1. Preganglionair neuron opname tyrosine
2. Tyrosine à L-dopa à dopamine à noradrenaline à vesikels
3. Activatie neuron: vesikels met noradrenaline vrijlaten in synaps
4. Vooral alfa1 & beta1
Adrenal gland: extra enzym: NA à adrenaline (hormoon – alle organen)




Cocaïne
Cocaïne = blokkade re-uptake à NA langer aanwezig à sympatico mimenticum

Autoreceptor
Alfa 2 receptor = presynaptische autoreceptor = negatieve feedback release NA
- Agonist: release omlaag
- Antagonist: release omhoog
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