CIVICS BENCHMARK REVIEW & EOC STUDY GUIDE|
LATEST SOLUTION 2025 UPDATE
1. 1. The Enlightenment idea of separation of powers was developed by? ANS >>
Mon- tesquieu
2. 2. John Locke's theory that certain truths in society come from and are gov-
erned by nature is known as the theory of? ANS >> Natural Law
3. 3. Describe John Locke's theory of social contract. ANS >> Citizens surrender some rights
(not a state of nature) to live by laws and be protected by a government.
4. 4. What document guaranteed that not even the king or queen was above the
law. ANS >> Magna Carta- Limited Government-Trial by Jury-Rule of Law
5. 5. Explain the significance of the English Bill of Rights on the development of
the U.S. Constitution. ANS >> English Bill of Rights - listed guaranteed rights of Englishmen and the anti-
federalists wanted to list the rights of Americans before they agreed to ratify the Constitution
6. 6. What was the first document that established self-government by creating
a direct democracy in the colonies? ANS >> Mayflower Compact
7. 7. This pamphlet was used to persuade members of the Second Continental
Congress and justified the ideals and reasons for independence from Great
Britain. ANS >> Common Sense written by Thomas Paine
8. 8. Give specific examples of colonial responses to English policies. ANS >>
Boycotts & Protests
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/MBoffin
, • Stamp Act Congress
• Boston Tea Party
• Boycott imported goods
9. 9. What concerns of the colonists' led to the writing of the Declaration of
Independence? ANS >> King and Parliament did not respect the colonies rights in lawmaking.
10. 10. What were the main complaints/arguments against Britain in the Decla-
ration of Independence? ANS >> Unfair Taxes
Unfair Acts (Quartering Act
Stamp Act, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts)
Lack of Representation in Parliament
Dissolved representative houses in colonies
Cut ott trade
trial by jury
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/MBoffin
, 11. 11. John Locke's theory of guaranteed that all individuals are
entitled to basic rights such as life liberty, and property. ANS >> Natural Rights
12. 12. Which document outlined the first form of government for the United
States? Which system of government did this document create? ANS >>
Confederation Government Loose form of states-States retained all power
13. 13. List some of the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. ANS
>> Na- tional Government could not- raise taxes
Could not enforce laws
No national courts, No Chief Executive
14. 14. What is the purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution? ANS >> Outlines the
purpose and intentions of the United States Constitution.
"We the People..." Government gets consent from the people
15. 15. What was the main argument the Federalists used to support the ratifi-
cation of the Constitution? ANS >> Federalists believed a strong central government was needed to
solve the countries problems
16. 16. List the arguments the Anti-Federalists used to against ratifying the
Constitution. ANS >> Anti-Federalists believed a strong central government would take away newly won
rights of citizens
agreed to ratify Constitution with the promise of the addition of Bill of Rights.
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/MBoffin
LATEST SOLUTION 2025 UPDATE
1. 1. The Enlightenment idea of separation of powers was developed by? ANS >>
Mon- tesquieu
2. 2. John Locke's theory that certain truths in society come from and are gov-
erned by nature is known as the theory of? ANS >> Natural Law
3. 3. Describe John Locke's theory of social contract. ANS >> Citizens surrender some rights
(not a state of nature) to live by laws and be protected by a government.
4. 4. What document guaranteed that not even the king or queen was above the
law. ANS >> Magna Carta- Limited Government-Trial by Jury-Rule of Law
5. 5. Explain the significance of the English Bill of Rights on the development of
the U.S. Constitution. ANS >> English Bill of Rights - listed guaranteed rights of Englishmen and the anti-
federalists wanted to list the rights of Americans before they agreed to ratify the Constitution
6. 6. What was the first document that established self-government by creating
a direct democracy in the colonies? ANS >> Mayflower Compact
7. 7. This pamphlet was used to persuade members of the Second Continental
Congress and justified the ideals and reasons for independence from Great
Britain. ANS >> Common Sense written by Thomas Paine
8. 8. Give specific examples of colonial responses to English policies. ANS >>
Boycotts & Protests
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/MBoffin
, • Stamp Act Congress
• Boston Tea Party
• Boycott imported goods
9. 9. What concerns of the colonists' led to the writing of the Declaration of
Independence? ANS >> King and Parliament did not respect the colonies rights in lawmaking.
10. 10. What were the main complaints/arguments against Britain in the Decla-
ration of Independence? ANS >> Unfair Taxes
Unfair Acts (Quartering Act
Stamp Act, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts)
Lack of Representation in Parliament
Dissolved representative houses in colonies
Cut ott trade
trial by jury
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/MBoffin
, 11. 11. John Locke's theory of guaranteed that all individuals are
entitled to basic rights such as life liberty, and property. ANS >> Natural Rights
12. 12. Which document outlined the first form of government for the United
States? Which system of government did this document create? ANS >>
Confederation Government Loose form of states-States retained all power
13. 13. List some of the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. ANS
>> Na- tional Government could not- raise taxes
Could not enforce laws
No national courts, No Chief Executive
14. 14. What is the purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution? ANS >> Outlines the
purpose and intentions of the United States Constitution.
"We the People..." Government gets consent from the people
15. 15. What was the main argument the Federalists used to support the ratifi-
cation of the Constitution? ANS >> Federalists believed a strong central government was needed to
solve the countries problems
16. 16. List the arguments the Anti-Federalists used to against ratifying the
Constitution. ANS >> Anti-Federalists believed a strong central government would take away newly won
rights of citizens
agreed to ratify Constitution with the promise of the addition of Bill of Rights.
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/MBoffin
