Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
x x x
Material
x x x x x x x
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, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Material
Chapter1 Test A s ss ss
MULTIPLE s s CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
nonargumentsand identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are
ss ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
workingmore and
ss relaxing less, while men are working less and ss s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s
srelaxing s more. Forty years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per s s ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss s s s s ss
sweek than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today, with
s ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s s
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
ss relaxing less.ANS: ss D s s PTS: s s 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially
ss ss ss s s s s s s s s ss ss s s s s ss ss ss
replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that
ss ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
regulate blood pressure(which can cause
ss development ss delays in children ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
s and s high blood pressure in adults), heme production(which can lead to
s s s s ss s s s s ss s s s s s s s s
anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the
s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s ss s s
s reactions that transmit
s electrical impulses in the brain, which s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s
s diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
s s s s s s s ss ss ss ss
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to s s s s s s s s s s s s
Chemistry" s s
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. s s s s s s s s
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... ss ss ss ss ss ss
ss recall information.ANS: ss C PTS: s s 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was
ss ss ss ss ss s s s s ss s s ss ss s s s s
s virtuous to choose theproper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular
s ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
situation and that extremes of emotion and action were vices. In all communities there
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss s s
are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle
ss ss ss s s ss ss s s ss ss ss ss s s s s
argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
ss ss s s s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical s s s s s s s s s s s s
Choice s s
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
s state,
s local, and federal income taxand Social Security tax. They
s s s s ss ss s s s s s s s s
s also purchase items from local merchants,
s s increasing the amount these
s s s s s s s ss s s ss s s s s
s merchants
s pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s
s which increases the earnings of their employers and the amount of taxes these
s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that
s s illegal s s s s s s ss s s s s s s ss ss
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
ss ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
they live. s s s s
,Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Material
1
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Material
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employerss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
arrested,
ss over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women
s s are seven s s s s s s s s ss s s ss
times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of
ss s s other ethnic groups.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s s s s ss
Black women have received significantlylonger sentences for crimes against property and served
ss ss ss ss ss s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
longer periods in prison. For both murder anddrug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment s s s s s s s s
in
the U.S." s s ss
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
ss in prison.ANS:
ss B s s PTS: s s 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall.
s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s ss ss ss s s
There are criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
detect unprotected PCs. Once avulnerable computer is found, these criminals install
ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-per-click ads.
ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s PCs.
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected ss ss s s ss ss ss ss
ss by a firewall.ANS:E PTS:
ss ss s s 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all
observations must be made through
ss the atmosphere, and the phenomena ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state ofinterplanetary
s s s s ss s s s s s s ss ss ss ss ss
space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
ss s s s s ss ss ss s s s s ss ss ss ss ss
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental s s s s s s s s
Astronomy s s
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through ss ss ss ss ss ss
ss the atmosphere.ANS:
ss C PTS: s s 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss s s ss ss ss s s ss
communitiesabutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and
ss s s s s
the makers of traditional medicines canbe persuaded that tiger parts are not needed,
s s ss ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss
then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will be restored,
ss ss ss ss ss s s s s ss ss ss ss s s ss ss
s and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
s ss ss s s ss s s s s ss ss ss ss ss
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
2
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
x x x
Material
x x x x x x x
x
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Material
Chapter1 Test A s ss ss
MULTIPLE s s CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
nonargumentsand identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are
ss ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
workingmore and
ss relaxing less, while men are working less and ss s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s
srelaxing s more. Forty years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per s s ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss s s s s ss
sweek than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today, with
s ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s s
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
ss relaxing less.ANS: ss D s s PTS: s s 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially
ss ss ss s s s s s s s s ss ss s s s s ss ss ss
replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that
ss ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
regulate blood pressure(which can cause
ss development ss delays in children ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
s and s high blood pressure in adults), heme production(which can lead to
s s s s ss s s s s ss s s s s s s s s
anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the
s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s ss s s
s reactions that transmit
s electrical impulses in the brain, which s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s
s diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
s s s s s s s ss ss ss ss
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to s s s s s s s s s s s s
Chemistry" s s
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. s s s s s s s s
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... ss ss ss ss ss ss
ss recall information.ANS: ss C PTS: s s 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was
ss ss ss ss ss s s s s ss s s ss ss s s s s
s virtuous to choose theproper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular
s ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
situation and that extremes of emotion and action were vices. In all communities there
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss s s
are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle
ss ss ss s s ss ss s s ss ss ss ss s s s s
argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
ss ss s s s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical s s s s s s s s s s s s
Choice s s
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
s state,
s local, and federal income taxand Social Security tax. They
s s s s ss ss s s s s s s s s
s also purchase items from local merchants,
s s increasing the amount these
s s s s s s s ss s s ss s s s s
s merchants
s pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s
s which increases the earnings of their employers and the amount of taxes these
s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that
s s illegal s s s s s s ss s s s s s s ss ss
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
ss ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
they live. s s s s
,Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Material
1
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Material
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employerss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
arrested,
ss over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women
s s are seven s s s s s s s s ss s s ss
times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of
ss s s other ethnic groups.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s s s s ss
Black women have received significantlylonger sentences for crimes against property and served
ss ss ss ss ss s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
longer periods in prison. For both murder anddrug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment s s s s s s s s
in
the U.S." s s ss
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
ss in prison.ANS:
ss B s s PTS: s s 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall.
s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s ss ss ss s s
There are criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
detect unprotected PCs. Once avulnerable computer is found, these criminals install
ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-per-click ads.
ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s PCs.
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected ss ss s s ss ss ss ss
ss by a firewall.ANS:E PTS:
ss ss s s 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all
observations must be made through
ss the atmosphere, and the phenomena ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state ofinterplanetary
s s s s ss s s s s s s ss ss ss ss ss
space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
ss s s s s ss ss ss s s s s ss ss ss ss ss
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental s s s s s s s s
Astronomy s s
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through ss ss ss ss ss ss
ss the atmosphere.ANS:
ss C PTS: s s 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss s s ss ss ss s s ss
communitiesabutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and
ss s s s s
the makers of traditional medicines canbe persuaded that tiger parts are not needed,
s s ss ss ss ss ss ss s s ss ss ss
then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will be restored,
ss ss ss ss ss s s s s ss ss ss ss s s ss ss
s and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
s ss ss s s ss s s s s ss ss ss ss ss
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
2
