test bank for mccance & huether’s
pathophysiology, 9th edition - 2024 all chapters 1-
50(9780323789875)
,table of contents
chapter 1: cellular biology ....................................................................... 5
chapter 2: altered cellular and tissue biology ........................................ 35
chapter 3: the cellular environment: fluids and electrolytes, acids and
bases ..................................................................................................... 65
chapter 4: genes and genetic diseases .................................................. 94
chapter 5: genes, environment-lifestyle, and common diseases ......... 117
chapter 6: epigenetics and disease ..................................................... 135
chapter 7: innate immunity: inflammation ......................................... 144
chapter 8: adaptive immunity ............................................................. 174
chapter 9: alterations in immunity and inflammation ........................ 199
chapter 10: infection ........................................................................... 225
chapter 11: stress and disease ............................................................ 245
chapter 12: cancer biology .................................................................. 263
chapter 13: cancer epidemiology ........................................................ 293
chapter 14: cancer in children ............................................................. 305
chapter 15: structure and function of the neurologic system .............. 316
chapter 16: pain, temperature regulation, sleep, and sensory function
............................................................................................................ 338
chapter 17: alterations in cognitive systems, cerebral hemodynamics,
and motor function ............................................................................. 367
chapter 18: disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems and
the neuromuscular junction ................................................................ 394
chapter 19: neurobiology of schizophrenia, mood disorders, and anxiety
disorders ............................................................................................. 417
chapter 20: alterations of neurologic function in children................... 432
,chapter 21: mechanisms of hormonal regulation ............................... 447
chapter 22: alterations of hormonal regulation .................................. 466
chapter 23: obesity and disorders of nutrition .................................... 491
chapter 24: structure and function of the reproductive systems ......... 506
chapter 25: alterations of the female reproductive system ................. 526
chapter 26: alterations of the male reproductive system .................... 545
chapter 27: sexually transmitted infections ........................................ 557
chapter 28: structure and function of the hematologic system ........... 576
chapter 29: alterations of erythrocyte platelet, hemostatic function .. 599
chapter 30: alterations of leukocyte, lymphoid function ..................... 621
chapter 31: alterations of hematologic function in children ............... 643
chapter 32: structure and function of the cardiovascular and lymphatic
systems ............................................................................................... 666
chapter 33: alterations of cardiovascular function.............................. 696
chapter 34: alterations of cardiovascular function in children ............ 728
chapter 35: structure and function of the pulmonary system ............. 745
chapter 36: alterations of pulmonary function ................................... 766
chapter 37: alterations of pulmonary function in children .................. 799
chapter 38: structure and function of the renal and urologic systems 819
chapter 39: alterations of renal and urinary tract function ................. 840
chapter 40: alterations of renal and urinary tract function in children 863
chapter 41: structure and function of the digestive system ................ 881
chapter 42: alterations of digestive function ...................................... 906
chapter 43: alterations of digestive function in children ..................... 932
chapter 44: structure and function of the musculoskeletal system ..... 952
,chapter 45: alterations of musculoskeletal function ........................... 975
chapter 46: alterations of musculoskeletal function in children ........ 1003
chapter 47: structure, function, and disorders of the integument ..... 1021
chapter 48: alterations of the integument in children ....................... 1043
chapter 49: shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and burns in
adults ................................................................................................ 1059
chapter 50: shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and burns in
children ............................................................................................. 1077
,chapter 1: cellular biology
multiple choice
1. which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption?
a. cells can produce proteins. c. cells can take in and use
nutrients.
b. cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. cells can synthesize fats.
ANS>>c
in metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. the remaining options are not
inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
pts: 1 ref: page 2
2. most of a cell’s genetic information, including rna and dna, is
contained in the:
a. mitochondria c. nucleolus
b. ribosome d. lysosome
ANS>>c
the nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
largely of rna, most of the cellular dna, and the dna-binding proteins,
,such as the histones, which regulate its activity. the other options do not
contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
pts: 1 ref: page 2
3. which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)
by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in
an oxidative reaction?
a. lysosomes c. ribosomes
b. peroxisomes d. oxyhydrosomes
ANS>>b
peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction that produces h2o2, which is a powerful oxidant and
potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
ribosomes are rna-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through
pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. lysosomes
are saclike structures that originate from the golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze
bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
pts: 1 ref: page 8
4. which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it
is released during cell injury?
, a. ribosome c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. golgi complex d. lysosomes
ANS>>d
the lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm,
preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. disruption of the
membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of
the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. the other options do not
correctly describe this process.
pts: 1 ref: pages 7-8
5. what is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive
enzyme by the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release
from the cell?
a. the enzyme is transcribed from dna by rna in the nucleus, proceeds
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to
the cell membrane.
b. the enzyme is transcribed from rna by dna in the nucleus, proceeds
to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated
membrane to the cell membrane.
pathophysiology, 9th edition - 2024 all chapters 1-
50(9780323789875)
,table of contents
chapter 1: cellular biology ....................................................................... 5
chapter 2: altered cellular and tissue biology ........................................ 35
chapter 3: the cellular environment: fluids and electrolytes, acids and
bases ..................................................................................................... 65
chapter 4: genes and genetic diseases .................................................. 94
chapter 5: genes, environment-lifestyle, and common diseases ......... 117
chapter 6: epigenetics and disease ..................................................... 135
chapter 7: innate immunity: inflammation ......................................... 144
chapter 8: adaptive immunity ............................................................. 174
chapter 9: alterations in immunity and inflammation ........................ 199
chapter 10: infection ........................................................................... 225
chapter 11: stress and disease ............................................................ 245
chapter 12: cancer biology .................................................................. 263
chapter 13: cancer epidemiology ........................................................ 293
chapter 14: cancer in children ............................................................. 305
chapter 15: structure and function of the neurologic system .............. 316
chapter 16: pain, temperature regulation, sleep, and sensory function
............................................................................................................ 338
chapter 17: alterations in cognitive systems, cerebral hemodynamics,
and motor function ............................................................................. 367
chapter 18: disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems and
the neuromuscular junction ................................................................ 394
chapter 19: neurobiology of schizophrenia, mood disorders, and anxiety
disorders ............................................................................................. 417
chapter 20: alterations of neurologic function in children................... 432
,chapter 21: mechanisms of hormonal regulation ............................... 447
chapter 22: alterations of hormonal regulation .................................. 466
chapter 23: obesity and disorders of nutrition .................................... 491
chapter 24: structure and function of the reproductive systems ......... 506
chapter 25: alterations of the female reproductive system ................. 526
chapter 26: alterations of the male reproductive system .................... 545
chapter 27: sexually transmitted infections ........................................ 557
chapter 28: structure and function of the hematologic system ........... 576
chapter 29: alterations of erythrocyte platelet, hemostatic function .. 599
chapter 30: alterations of leukocyte, lymphoid function ..................... 621
chapter 31: alterations of hematologic function in children ............... 643
chapter 32: structure and function of the cardiovascular and lymphatic
systems ............................................................................................... 666
chapter 33: alterations of cardiovascular function.............................. 696
chapter 34: alterations of cardiovascular function in children ............ 728
chapter 35: structure and function of the pulmonary system ............. 745
chapter 36: alterations of pulmonary function ................................... 766
chapter 37: alterations of pulmonary function in children .................. 799
chapter 38: structure and function of the renal and urologic systems 819
chapter 39: alterations of renal and urinary tract function ................. 840
chapter 40: alterations of renal and urinary tract function in children 863
chapter 41: structure and function of the digestive system ................ 881
chapter 42: alterations of digestive function ...................................... 906
chapter 43: alterations of digestive function in children ..................... 932
chapter 44: structure and function of the musculoskeletal system ..... 952
,chapter 45: alterations of musculoskeletal function ........................... 975
chapter 46: alterations of musculoskeletal function in children ........ 1003
chapter 47: structure, function, and disorders of the integument ..... 1021
chapter 48: alterations of the integument in children ....................... 1043
chapter 49: shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and burns in
adults ................................................................................................ 1059
chapter 50: shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and burns in
children ............................................................................................. 1077
,chapter 1: cellular biology
multiple choice
1. which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption?
a. cells can produce proteins. c. cells can take in and use
nutrients.
b. cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. cells can synthesize fats.
ANS>>c
in metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. the remaining options are not
inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
pts: 1 ref: page 2
2. most of a cell’s genetic information, including rna and dna, is
contained in the:
a. mitochondria c. nucleolus
b. ribosome d. lysosome
ANS>>c
the nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
largely of rna, most of the cellular dna, and the dna-binding proteins,
,such as the histones, which regulate its activity. the other options do not
contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
pts: 1 ref: page 2
3. which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)
by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in
an oxidative reaction?
a. lysosomes c. ribosomes
b. peroxisomes d. oxyhydrosomes
ANS>>b
peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction that produces h2o2, which is a powerful oxidant and
potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
ribosomes are rna-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through
pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. lysosomes
are saclike structures that originate from the golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze
bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
pts: 1 ref: page 8
4. which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it
is released during cell injury?
, a. ribosome c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. golgi complex d. lysosomes
ANS>>d
the lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm,
preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. disruption of the
membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of
the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. the other options do not
correctly describe this process.
pts: 1 ref: pages 7-8
5. what is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive
enzyme by the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release
from the cell?
a. the enzyme is transcribed from dna by rna in the nucleus, proceeds
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to
the cell membrane.
b. the enzyme is transcribed from rna by dna in the nucleus, proceeds
to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated
membrane to the cell membrane.
