Psych 111 Final Exam questions with answers

Psych 111 Final Exam questions with |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




answers


Psychology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The scientific study of the
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mind, brain, and behavior.
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Multiply Determined - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔There is more than
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one influence; hard to isolate one specific factor.
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Individual Differences - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Variations among
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people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior.
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Naive Realism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The belief that we see
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the world exactly how it is. "Seeing is believing"
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Empiricism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The idea that predictions|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


should first be based off of observations.
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Confirmation Bias - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The tendency to seek |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


out evidence that supports our hypotheses, and deny, dismiss,
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or distort evidence that disproves them.
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Belief Perseverance - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The tendency to
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stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them.
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,Structuralism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Scientific Goal: To identify
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basic elements of experience. Left legacy of systematic
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observation.


Functionalism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Scientific Goal: To |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


understand the functions of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors -
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concerned with the brain's software. |\ |\ |\ |\




Behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Scientific Goal: To uncover
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the general principles of learning. Left legacy of objective
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research - focused on observable behavior.
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Cognitivism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Scientific Goal: To examine
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the role of mental processes on behavior. Influential on language,
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problem-solving, concept formation, intelligence, memory,
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psychotherapy.


Psychoanalysis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Scientific Goal: To |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


uncover the role of unconscious psychological processes and
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early life experiences on behavior. Left legacy that mental
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processes often go on outside of conscious awareness.
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Psuedoscience - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A set of claims that |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


seem scientific but aren't.
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Ad Hoc Immunizing Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A
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loophole that prevents a theory from being falsified.
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,Patternicity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Our tendency to detect
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meaningful patterns in random stimuli. |\ |\ |\ |\




Scientific Skepticism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Approaching things
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with an open mind, and insisting on adequate evidence before
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accepting a claim. |\ |\




Ruling out Rival Hypotheses, Correlation vs. Causation,
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Falsifiability, Replicability, Extraordinary Claims/Extraordinary
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Evidence, Occam's Razor - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Scientific
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Thinking (6 Principles). |\ |\




External Validity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The extent that our
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findings can generalize the real world.
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Internal Validity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The extent to which we
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can draw cause and effect inferences.
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Naturalistic Observations - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Observe
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behaviors that may not be shown in the lab; high in EV, low in IV.
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Case Study Designs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Researchers
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examine one person/small group in depth over a long period of
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time; low in IV.
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Self-Reports/Surveys - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Administer a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


questionnaire to a random sample, measure the reliability and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


validity; low in IV. |\ |\ |\

, Test-Retest Reliability - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The stability of a
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measurement over time. |\ |\




Interrater Reliability - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Two people are
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asked to rate a third person - if results are consistent, rating is
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high in ________.
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Convergent Validity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Is measure similar
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to things that it should be similar to?
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Discriminant Validity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Does the measure |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


NOT measure what it's NOT supposed to?
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Correlational Designs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Examines the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


extent to which two variables are associated statistically; low in
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IV.


Experimental Designs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Manipulation of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


potential "cause" and look for effects on other measured
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variables; high in IV, low in EV. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Placebo Effect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Improving solely because
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they expected to improve. Why it is important to keep
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participants blind to their "condition." |\ |\ |\ |\




Experimenter Expectancy Effect - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


✔✔Experimenters unintentionally bias their results to support |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\