9/13/25, 11:45 AM GLPH 271 - final exam
GLPH 271 Final Exam Preparation Material
2025/2026 Complete Questions And Correct
Answers |Already Graded A+
- health professionals make informed decisions about
With respect to global health,
epidemiological measures how to best use resources to prevent disease and
and analysis helps ... promote health
- to look at interventions to try to improve things
- Find out what is working and what is not
why are Measurements and Measurements and assessments in health reveal the
assessments in health need for health interventions and they provide evidence
important about whether or not health interventions are effective
is a measure of the flow of water into the tub
Incidence (tub example)
- Proportion of people who developed a disease in a given time =
incidence
is a measure of the proportion of the tub (the tub
Prevalence (tub example) population) filled with water (the prevalence cases.
Prevalent cases end up leaving the tub by wither
recovery or
death)
period prevalence: the number of existing cases
measured over a period of time and divided by the
period prevalence versus average population during that time
point prevalence
point prevalence: the proportion of the population that
has the disease at a specific point in time
- Incidence is high
sometimes that at- risk
- There is a high death rate from other causes
population is constant,
- People from the population can't be monitored (e.g. emigrants)
however it is not safe to
- There are a lot of births or immigrants increasing the at- risk
assume the at risk population
population is constant
/ 1/49
,9/13/25, 11:45 AM GLPH 271 - final exam
when:
incidence - proportion of population developing new cases of
incidence versus prevalence:
disease
rapidity of disease
occurrence prevalence - proportion of population with disease
incidence -
cases/ person- time or cases/ population-at - risk
incidence versus
prevalence: units prevalence -
cases/ total population (whether newly diagnoses cases
or cases developing sometime in the past)
incidence-
newly diagnosed
incidence versus
prevalence: time prevalence-
of disease surviving cases, whether diagnoses recently or at any time in the
past
incidence-
number of person- years (or person- months) free of the disease
incidence versus on interest,
prevalence: Number of persons free of disease at baseline
denominator
prevalence-
number of persons present in the population of interest
/ 2/49
,9/13/25, 11:45 AM GLPH 271 - final exam
count of all the deaths over a specified time period
Crude mortality rate divided by the population at the mid- point of the time
period in question. This is often reported per 100,000
people/ year
1. All-
cause mortality rate: a measurement of all deaths in a
two types of crude mortality population
rates 2. Cause- specific mortality rate: a measurement of
deaths in a population for a specific disease
mortality rate for a sub- group of a population. Sub-
specific mortality rate groups may be defined by age, sex, race or other
demographic factors
This calculation is very similar to crude mortality
- In the numerator, only deaths of individuals in the sub- group
difference between crude
are included
and specific mortality rates
- In the denominator, only the total number of
individuals that meet sub- group criteria are
included
when are standardized when comparing the mortality in two populations that differ in
mortality rates mortality terms of
characteristics that are known to influence mortality (e.g. age and
rates used
gender).
why can crude and specific don't take into account characteristics that are known to
mortality rates be influence mortality (e.g. age and gender).
misleading?
The most common age
standardized mortality is
by
surveys - verbal autopsy - fieldworkers go to the family
how do healthcare workers of diseased and asks about symptoms, circumstances
overcome measurement of death
barriers in developing
countries - what are some - expensive, time-consuming, and reliability, you can never really
limitations of this
be sure if
differences in causes of death are real or because of the methods
of determining
computer coding of verbal autopsy
what is the new method of
- statistical methods, probabilistic approach
mortality measurement in
- tells you a probable cause of death based on info imputed into
developing countries computer
/ 3/49
, 9/13/25, 11:45 AM GLPH 271 - final exam
(video) - real time data processing
the number of times more likely than one group of
Relative risk people will become ill compared to another group. Risk
is simply the accumulative incidence of being exposed
to an
illness
in the absence of information about the incidence of
Odds ratio an entire population, you can calculate an odds ratio
based on information about the primary group (E+)
and the comparative group (E-)
standardized quantitative measure burden of disease
Disability Adjusted Life Year Mortality (life expectancy - age of death (Life Years)) +
morbidity (disability weight (per disability) x duration
of disability (Disability Adjustment))
- Common metric
- Allow direct comparison of burden across diseases
- Summing burden across diseases
pros of DALY
- Permit comparing treated and untreated diseases
- Compare different disease interventions
- Treatment expansion vs. prevention campaigns
years lived with Disability, disability and mortality
incorporates ___ and ___
into a single measure
1. It take into account age of death by subtracting life
expectancy by the average age of death
years life lost- two defining
characteristics 2. It places more weight on illness that result in early
mortality because dying young has a bigger impact on
both the individual and society at large
/ 4/49
GLPH 271 Final Exam Preparation Material
2025/2026 Complete Questions And Correct
Answers |Already Graded A+
- health professionals make informed decisions about
With respect to global health,
epidemiological measures how to best use resources to prevent disease and
and analysis helps ... promote health
- to look at interventions to try to improve things
- Find out what is working and what is not
why are Measurements and Measurements and assessments in health reveal the
assessments in health need for health interventions and they provide evidence
important about whether or not health interventions are effective
is a measure of the flow of water into the tub
Incidence (tub example)
- Proportion of people who developed a disease in a given time =
incidence
is a measure of the proportion of the tub (the tub
Prevalence (tub example) population) filled with water (the prevalence cases.
Prevalent cases end up leaving the tub by wither
recovery or
death)
period prevalence: the number of existing cases
measured over a period of time and divided by the
period prevalence versus average population during that time
point prevalence
point prevalence: the proportion of the population that
has the disease at a specific point in time
- Incidence is high
sometimes that at- risk
- There is a high death rate from other causes
population is constant,
- People from the population can't be monitored (e.g. emigrants)
however it is not safe to
- There are a lot of births or immigrants increasing the at- risk
assume the at risk population
population is constant
/ 1/49
,9/13/25, 11:45 AM GLPH 271 - final exam
when:
incidence - proportion of population developing new cases of
incidence versus prevalence:
disease
rapidity of disease
occurrence prevalence - proportion of population with disease
incidence -
cases/ person- time or cases/ population-at - risk
incidence versus
prevalence: units prevalence -
cases/ total population (whether newly diagnoses cases
or cases developing sometime in the past)
incidence-
newly diagnosed
incidence versus
prevalence: time prevalence-
of disease surviving cases, whether diagnoses recently or at any time in the
past
incidence-
number of person- years (or person- months) free of the disease
incidence versus on interest,
prevalence: Number of persons free of disease at baseline
denominator
prevalence-
number of persons present in the population of interest
/ 2/49
,9/13/25, 11:45 AM GLPH 271 - final exam
count of all the deaths over a specified time period
Crude mortality rate divided by the population at the mid- point of the time
period in question. This is often reported per 100,000
people/ year
1. All-
cause mortality rate: a measurement of all deaths in a
two types of crude mortality population
rates 2. Cause- specific mortality rate: a measurement of
deaths in a population for a specific disease
mortality rate for a sub- group of a population. Sub-
specific mortality rate groups may be defined by age, sex, race or other
demographic factors
This calculation is very similar to crude mortality
- In the numerator, only deaths of individuals in the sub- group
difference between crude
are included
and specific mortality rates
- In the denominator, only the total number of
individuals that meet sub- group criteria are
included
when are standardized when comparing the mortality in two populations that differ in
mortality rates mortality terms of
characteristics that are known to influence mortality (e.g. age and
rates used
gender).
why can crude and specific don't take into account characteristics that are known to
mortality rates be influence mortality (e.g. age and gender).
misleading?
The most common age
standardized mortality is
by
surveys - verbal autopsy - fieldworkers go to the family
how do healthcare workers of diseased and asks about symptoms, circumstances
overcome measurement of death
barriers in developing
countries - what are some - expensive, time-consuming, and reliability, you can never really
limitations of this
be sure if
differences in causes of death are real or because of the methods
of determining
computer coding of verbal autopsy
what is the new method of
- statistical methods, probabilistic approach
mortality measurement in
- tells you a probable cause of death based on info imputed into
developing countries computer
/ 3/49
, 9/13/25, 11:45 AM GLPH 271 - final exam
(video) - real time data processing
the number of times more likely than one group of
Relative risk people will become ill compared to another group. Risk
is simply the accumulative incidence of being exposed
to an
illness
in the absence of information about the incidence of
Odds ratio an entire population, you can calculate an odds ratio
based on information about the primary group (E+)
and the comparative group (E-)
standardized quantitative measure burden of disease
Disability Adjusted Life Year Mortality (life expectancy - age of death (Life Years)) +
morbidity (disability weight (per disability) x duration
of disability (Disability Adjustment))
- Common metric
- Allow direct comparison of burden across diseases
- Summing burden across diseases
pros of DALY
- Permit comparing treated and untreated diseases
- Compare different disease interventions
- Treatment expansion vs. prevention campaigns
years lived with Disability, disability and mortality
incorporates ___ and ___
into a single measure
1. It take into account age of death by subtracting life
expectancy by the average age of death
years life lost- two defining
characteristics 2. It places more weight on illness that result in early
mortality because dying young has a bigger impact on
both the individual and society at large
/ 4/49
