AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE & COMPOSITION FINAL
EXAM REVIEW WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
2025
logos* - answers-Intended to appeal to the reader's sense of logic; frequently
employs statements about causality (if this, then this) ethos* - answers-Ap-
peal to the reader's sense of ethics by asserting the credibility and character
of the author pathos* - answers-Appeal to the reader's emotions alliteration -
answers-When multiple words start with the same sound allusion* - answers-
A reference to something historical/mythological/literary analogy - answers-A
comparison between two similar things; one is usually more familiar than the
other antithesis/juxtaposition* - answers-A rhetorical device where two con-
trasting ideas are directly compared in speech aphorism - answers-A pithy
(and short) statement apostrophe - answers-An address to someone absent,
often set off in commas assonance - answers-Like alliteration, except the re-
peated sounds across multiple areas are vowels rather than consonants cari-
cature* - answers-An exaggerated portrait of a person colloquialism - an-
swers-A regional statement, not high English, that drifts into dialect/slang
connotation - answers-The associations with a word, as opposed to the actual
meaning denotation - answers-The literal, exact meaning of the word; the
dictionary definition of the word didactic - answers-Instructive, to an exces-
sive extent; overtly moral lessons euphemism - answers-A substitution of
"nice words" instead of a word that might offend homily - answers-A sermon;
essentially short didactic, spoken essays hyperbole - answers-Intense exag-
geration or overstatement inductive reasoning - answers-Where an argument
is derived from detailed facts: inferences based on patterns invective - an-
swers-Very harsh language irony* - answers-The incongruity between what is
expected and what occurs; when a statement in context may mean the op-
posite of what is literally written; usually humorous metaphor* - answers-
Something used in a non-literal sense to represent or describe something
else metonymy - answers-The substitution of the name of an object closely
associated with a word for the word itself oxymoron - answers-When two
contradictory terms are used together parody - answers-A spoof or satirical
mimicry personification, anthropomorphism* - answers-Giving non-humans
(animals, objects, weather) specifically human attributes satire - answers-
Witty language often used sarcastically simile - answers-A comparison of one
thing to another using "like" or "as" syllogism - answers-Deductive reasoning
where a conclusion is derived from premises synecdoche - answers-A figure
of speech wherein a part of an object is used to refer to the entire object
symbol - answers-When one thing is used to represent something else under-
statement - answers-When the writer makes something sound less dire or se-
rious than it is, often used humorously rhetoric - answers-From the Greek for
"orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effec-
, tively, eloquently, and persuasively rhetorical modes - answers-this flexible
term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major
kinds of writing exposition* - answers-explain and analyze information by
presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion argumen-
tation* - answers-prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting
sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the
reader description* - answers-recreate, invent, or visually present a person,
place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described;
can engage all 5 senses; can be sensuous and picturesque; may be straight-
forward and objective or highly emotional and subjective narration* - an-
swers-tell a story or narrate an event or series of events; frequently uses the
tools of descriptive writing prose - answers-One of the major divisions of
genre; refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms style* - answers-
how a writer uses language cliché* - answers-A hackneyed or trite phrase
that has become overused; considered bad writing and bad literature conceit
- answers-A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor
or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects, usually used in
poetry; displays intellectual cleverness as a result of the unusual comparison
being made diction - answers-Related to style; refers to the writer's word
choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effective-
ness epigraph* - answers-A quote set at the beginning of a literary work or at
its divisions to set the tone or suggest a theme extended metaphor - an-
swers-A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or
throughout a work generic conventions - answers-This term describes tradi-
tions for each genre; these conventions help to define each genre; for exam-
ple, they differentiate an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography
and political writing imagery - answers-The sensory details or figurative lan-
guage used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions; uses
terms related to the five senses: visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, and ol-
factory pedantic - answers-An adjective that describes words, phrases, or
general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish (language that
might be described as "show-offy"; using big words for the sake of using big
words) repetition - answers-The duplication, either exact or approximate, of
any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence,
or grammatical pattern sarcasm - answers-From the Greek meaning "to tear
flesh"; involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule
someone or something semantics - answers-The branch of linguistics that
studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological develop-
ment, their connotations, and their relation to one another syntax - answers-
The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sen-
tences thesis - answers-the sentence or group of sentences that directly ex-
presses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position tone - answers-
describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both wit
- answers-On modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises
and delights schemes* - answers-Deviation from the ordinary pattern or ar-
rangement of words (transference of order) tropes* - answers-Deviation from
EXAM REVIEW WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
2025
logos* - answers-Intended to appeal to the reader's sense of logic; frequently
employs statements about causality (if this, then this) ethos* - answers-Ap-
peal to the reader's sense of ethics by asserting the credibility and character
of the author pathos* - answers-Appeal to the reader's emotions alliteration -
answers-When multiple words start with the same sound allusion* - answers-
A reference to something historical/mythological/literary analogy - answers-A
comparison between two similar things; one is usually more familiar than the
other antithesis/juxtaposition* - answers-A rhetorical device where two con-
trasting ideas are directly compared in speech aphorism - answers-A pithy
(and short) statement apostrophe - answers-An address to someone absent,
often set off in commas assonance - answers-Like alliteration, except the re-
peated sounds across multiple areas are vowels rather than consonants cari-
cature* - answers-An exaggerated portrait of a person colloquialism - an-
swers-A regional statement, not high English, that drifts into dialect/slang
connotation - answers-The associations with a word, as opposed to the actual
meaning denotation - answers-The literal, exact meaning of the word; the
dictionary definition of the word didactic - answers-Instructive, to an exces-
sive extent; overtly moral lessons euphemism - answers-A substitution of
"nice words" instead of a word that might offend homily - answers-A sermon;
essentially short didactic, spoken essays hyperbole - answers-Intense exag-
geration or overstatement inductive reasoning - answers-Where an argument
is derived from detailed facts: inferences based on patterns invective - an-
swers-Very harsh language irony* - answers-The incongruity between what is
expected and what occurs; when a statement in context may mean the op-
posite of what is literally written; usually humorous metaphor* - answers-
Something used in a non-literal sense to represent or describe something
else metonymy - answers-The substitution of the name of an object closely
associated with a word for the word itself oxymoron - answers-When two
contradictory terms are used together parody - answers-A spoof or satirical
mimicry personification, anthropomorphism* - answers-Giving non-humans
(animals, objects, weather) specifically human attributes satire - answers-
Witty language often used sarcastically simile - answers-A comparison of one
thing to another using "like" or "as" syllogism - answers-Deductive reasoning
where a conclusion is derived from premises synecdoche - answers-A figure
of speech wherein a part of an object is used to refer to the entire object
symbol - answers-When one thing is used to represent something else under-
statement - answers-When the writer makes something sound less dire or se-
rious than it is, often used humorously rhetoric - answers-From the Greek for
"orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effec-
, tively, eloquently, and persuasively rhetorical modes - answers-this flexible
term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major
kinds of writing exposition* - answers-explain and analyze information by
presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion argumen-
tation* - answers-prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting
sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the
reader description* - answers-recreate, invent, or visually present a person,
place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described;
can engage all 5 senses; can be sensuous and picturesque; may be straight-
forward and objective or highly emotional and subjective narration* - an-
swers-tell a story or narrate an event or series of events; frequently uses the
tools of descriptive writing prose - answers-One of the major divisions of
genre; refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms style* - answers-
how a writer uses language cliché* - answers-A hackneyed or trite phrase
that has become overused; considered bad writing and bad literature conceit
- answers-A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor
or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects, usually used in
poetry; displays intellectual cleverness as a result of the unusual comparison
being made diction - answers-Related to style; refers to the writer's word
choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effective-
ness epigraph* - answers-A quote set at the beginning of a literary work or at
its divisions to set the tone or suggest a theme extended metaphor - an-
swers-A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or
throughout a work generic conventions - answers-This term describes tradi-
tions for each genre; these conventions help to define each genre; for exam-
ple, they differentiate an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography
and political writing imagery - answers-The sensory details or figurative lan-
guage used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions; uses
terms related to the five senses: visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, and ol-
factory pedantic - answers-An adjective that describes words, phrases, or
general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish (language that
might be described as "show-offy"; using big words for the sake of using big
words) repetition - answers-The duplication, either exact or approximate, of
any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence,
or grammatical pattern sarcasm - answers-From the Greek meaning "to tear
flesh"; involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule
someone or something semantics - answers-The branch of linguistics that
studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological develop-
ment, their connotations, and their relation to one another syntax - answers-
The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sen-
tences thesis - answers-the sentence or group of sentences that directly ex-
presses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position tone - answers-
describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both wit
- answers-On modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises
and delights schemes* - answers-Deviation from the ordinary pattern or ar-
rangement of words (transference of order) tropes* - answers-Deviation from
