FITZGERALD FNP REVIEW NOTES QUESTIONS
What is the most cost effective form of healthcare? - Answer -Primary prevention
Immunizations as well as counseling about safety, injury, and disease prevention is
what form of prevention? - Answer -primary
Detecting diseases in the early, asymptomatic, or preclinical state to minimize its impact
is what type of prevention? - Answer -secondary
Screening tests such as BP checks, mammograms, and colonoscopy are examples of
what type of prevention? - Answer -secondary
What type of prevention minimizes negative disease induced outcomes? - Answer -
tertiary
In an established disease, adjusting therapy to avoid further target organ damage is
what type of disease prevention? - Answer -tertiary
What vaccines should be avoided in patients with anaphylactic reaction to neomycin or
gelatin? - Answer -IPV
MMR
varicella (and varicella Zoster)
What vaccine should be avoided in patients with anaphylactic reaction to Bakers yeast?
- Answer -Hepatitis B
What are the 5 A's for smoking intervention? - Answer -Ask: ask tobacco use status
every visit
Advise: urge tobacco users to quit
Assess: is user willing to quit at this time?
Assist: use counseling and pharmacotherapy to help patient quit
Arrange: schedule follow up contact within first week of quit date
Age to begin pap? - Answer -21 regardless of sexual activity
Age to begin pap + HPV? - Answer -30
How often do women over 30 need pap? HPV? - Answer -pap every 3 years
HPV every 5 years
When can women stop paps? - Answer -Age 65 as long as 3 consecutive negative
screening results
,What does elevated neutrophils indicate? - Answer -bacterial infection
What does elevated lymphocytes indicate? - Answer -viral infection
What does elevated platelets indicate? - Answer -bleeding issue somewhere
What does MCV measure? - Answer -RBC size
MCV values: - Answer -microcytic <80
normocytic 80-96
macrocytic >96
What does hemoglobin determine in a cell? - Answer -color
**small RBCs are always pale RBCs
If MCV, MCHC, and RDW are normal, what diseases can be ruled out? - Answer -iron
deficiency
vitamin B12 deficiency
folate deficiency
What vaccines are considered live of attenuated? - Answer -MMR
Varicella
Intranasal influenza (FluMist)
Rotavirus
What are the 5 steps to making a change? - Answer -1. Precontemplation: not
interested in change
2. Contemplation: considering change
3. Preparation: some change taking place but feels doesn't have tools to succeed
4. Action: concrete steps toward change
5. Maintenance: steps made to continue the change
What causes normocytic anemia? - Answer -chronic diesease
chronic kidney disease
acute blood loss
Normocytic anemia labs: - Answer -low: Hb, Hct, RBC
normal: MCV, MCHC, RDW
What causes microcytic anemia? - Answer -iron deficiency and lead toxicity
Microcytic anemia labs: - Answer -everything is low except RDW is high
What should you check if microcytic anemia is present? - Answer -ferritin
, lead levels (in young children)
What causes microcytic hypochromic anemia? - Answer -alpha or beta thalassemia
minor
What ethnic groups are at risk for alpha thalassemia minor? - Answer -Asian, African
ancestry (AAA)
What ethnic groups are at risk for beta thalassemia minor? - Answer -African,
Mediterranean, Middle Eastern ancestry
Labs for microcytic hypochromic anemia: - Answer -low everything except high RBC
and normal RDW
What should you order if a patient has microcytic hypochromic anemia? - Answer -
hemoglobin electrophoresis for evaluation of hemoglobin variants
What causes macrocytic normochromic anemia? - Answer -deficiencies in vitamin B12
or folate
Labs for macrocytic normochromic anemia: - Answer -Low: Hb, Hct, and RBC
High: MCV, RDW
Normal: MCHC
What should you order if a patient has macrocytic normochromic anemia? - Answer -
serum vitamin B12 and RBC folate
What causes drug induced macrocytosis? - Answer -alcohol excess
antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, phenytoin, methotrexate
Labs for macrocytosis: - Answer -Everything is normal except MCV is high
What vitamin are plant based diets low in? - Answer -B12
What is the first line therapy for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults? - Answer -
amoxicillin or Augmentin
What is the first line therapy for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults with penicillin
allergy? - Answer -non anaphylaxis allergy: cefdinir, cefpodoxime, or cefuroxime
anaphylaxis allergy: levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, docycycline
What antibiotics should be avoided in pregnancy? - Answer -doxycycline (all
tetracyclines)
What is the most cost effective form of healthcare? - Answer -Primary prevention
Immunizations as well as counseling about safety, injury, and disease prevention is
what form of prevention? - Answer -primary
Detecting diseases in the early, asymptomatic, or preclinical state to minimize its impact
is what type of prevention? - Answer -secondary
Screening tests such as BP checks, mammograms, and colonoscopy are examples of
what type of prevention? - Answer -secondary
What type of prevention minimizes negative disease induced outcomes? - Answer -
tertiary
In an established disease, adjusting therapy to avoid further target organ damage is
what type of disease prevention? - Answer -tertiary
What vaccines should be avoided in patients with anaphylactic reaction to neomycin or
gelatin? - Answer -IPV
MMR
varicella (and varicella Zoster)
What vaccine should be avoided in patients with anaphylactic reaction to Bakers yeast?
- Answer -Hepatitis B
What are the 5 A's for smoking intervention? - Answer -Ask: ask tobacco use status
every visit
Advise: urge tobacco users to quit
Assess: is user willing to quit at this time?
Assist: use counseling and pharmacotherapy to help patient quit
Arrange: schedule follow up contact within first week of quit date
Age to begin pap? - Answer -21 regardless of sexual activity
Age to begin pap + HPV? - Answer -30
How often do women over 30 need pap? HPV? - Answer -pap every 3 years
HPV every 5 years
When can women stop paps? - Answer -Age 65 as long as 3 consecutive negative
screening results
,What does elevated neutrophils indicate? - Answer -bacterial infection
What does elevated lymphocytes indicate? - Answer -viral infection
What does elevated platelets indicate? - Answer -bleeding issue somewhere
What does MCV measure? - Answer -RBC size
MCV values: - Answer -microcytic <80
normocytic 80-96
macrocytic >96
What does hemoglobin determine in a cell? - Answer -color
**small RBCs are always pale RBCs
If MCV, MCHC, and RDW are normal, what diseases can be ruled out? - Answer -iron
deficiency
vitamin B12 deficiency
folate deficiency
What vaccines are considered live of attenuated? - Answer -MMR
Varicella
Intranasal influenza (FluMist)
Rotavirus
What are the 5 steps to making a change? - Answer -1. Precontemplation: not
interested in change
2. Contemplation: considering change
3. Preparation: some change taking place but feels doesn't have tools to succeed
4. Action: concrete steps toward change
5. Maintenance: steps made to continue the change
What causes normocytic anemia? - Answer -chronic diesease
chronic kidney disease
acute blood loss
Normocytic anemia labs: - Answer -low: Hb, Hct, RBC
normal: MCV, MCHC, RDW
What causes microcytic anemia? - Answer -iron deficiency and lead toxicity
Microcytic anemia labs: - Answer -everything is low except RDW is high
What should you check if microcytic anemia is present? - Answer -ferritin
, lead levels (in young children)
What causes microcytic hypochromic anemia? - Answer -alpha or beta thalassemia
minor
What ethnic groups are at risk for alpha thalassemia minor? - Answer -Asian, African
ancestry (AAA)
What ethnic groups are at risk for beta thalassemia minor? - Answer -African,
Mediterranean, Middle Eastern ancestry
Labs for microcytic hypochromic anemia: - Answer -low everything except high RBC
and normal RDW
What should you order if a patient has microcytic hypochromic anemia? - Answer -
hemoglobin electrophoresis for evaluation of hemoglobin variants
What causes macrocytic normochromic anemia? - Answer -deficiencies in vitamin B12
or folate
Labs for macrocytic normochromic anemia: - Answer -Low: Hb, Hct, and RBC
High: MCV, RDW
Normal: MCHC
What should you order if a patient has macrocytic normochromic anemia? - Answer -
serum vitamin B12 and RBC folate
What causes drug induced macrocytosis? - Answer -alcohol excess
antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, phenytoin, methotrexate
Labs for macrocytosis: - Answer -Everything is normal except MCV is high
What vitamin are plant based diets low in? - Answer -B12
What is the first line therapy for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults? - Answer -
amoxicillin or Augmentin
What is the first line therapy for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults with penicillin
allergy? - Answer -non anaphylaxis allergy: cefdinir, cefpodoxime, or cefuroxime
anaphylaxis allergy: levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, docycycline
What antibiotics should be avoided in pregnancy? - Answer -doxycycline (all
tetracyclines)
