AP GOV SEMESTER 1 EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS, 100% GUARANTEE
Spin - a form of propaganda, achieved through providing an interpretation of an event or
campaign to persuade public opinion in favor or against a certain organization or public figure.
10th Amendment - Constitutional Amendment that states, "powers not delegated to the
United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states
respectively, or to the people." For those advocating states' rights, the amendment clearly means
that the national government has only those powers specifically assigned to it by the
Constitution.
13th Amendment - Constitutional amendment that forbade slavery and involuntary
servitude. It stated that, "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for
crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or
any place subject to their jurisdiction."
14th Amendment - the constitutional amendment that states, "No State shall make or
enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States;
nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;
nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."
527 Groups - A group that is a type of tax-exempt organization that is named after
"Section 527" of the U.S. International Revenue code. These groups are created primarily to
influence the selection, nomination, election, appointment or defeat of candidates to federal, state
or local public office.
Affirmative Action - a policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory
treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group.
Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) - a law that prohibits discrimination based on
disability. It also requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations"
for people with disabilities.
,Bandwagon effect - a political phrase that refers to the effect that occurs when some
people vote for those candidates or parties who are likely to succeed (or are proclaimed as such
by the media, polls, etc).
Beats - specific locations from which news frequently emanates, such as Congress or the
White House.
Bill of Rights - the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which defines the basic
liberties like freedom of religion, free speech and press, and the guarantee of defendant's rights.
Block Grants - federal grants given more or less automatically to states that have no
strings attached, no specific condition on how to spend the money.
Broadcast media - term that a wide spectrum of different communication methods such as
television, radio, newspapers, magazines and any other materials supplied by the media and
press.
Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) - _____ vs. ____ _______ _______ was a 1954
Supreme Court decision that held that school segregation was inherently unconstitutional
because it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection. The case was
famous because it marked the end of legal segregation.
California Board of Regents vs. Bakke (1978) - ____ _______ ____ _______ vs ______
forbid rigid racial quotas for medical school admissions. It did not forbid the practice of
considering race as a factor when deciding admissions.
Categorical Grants - federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes. They come
with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions.
Caucus - a meeting of all state party leaders for selecting delegates to the national party
convention.
, Census - a requirement by the US Constitution, saying that the government must take an
actual enumeration of the population every 10 years.
Civil liberties - The legal constitutional protections against government. Our civil liberties
are formally layed out in the Bill of Rights, the courts, the police, and the legislatures which
define their meaning.
Civil rights - policies that are meant to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory
treatment by governmental officials or individuals.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 - a landmark piece of legislation that made discrimination
against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal. It also forbade many forms of job
discrimination.
Closed primary - election in which voters choose from candidates only from the party in
which they are registered.
Coalition - an agreement for cooperation between different political parties on common
political agenda.
Conservative (qualities) - political ideology that supports a less active scope of
government that gives freer reign to the private sector, the belief in maintaining peace through
strength (when it comes to military spending), want to keep taxes low, and oppose affirmative
action.
Cooperative Federalism - a system of government in which powers and policy
assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs,
administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.
De facto segregation - racial separation that occurs "as a matter of fact." For example, it
can occur by housing patterns (where one lives) or by school enrollment (where one goes to
school).
VERIFIED ANSWERS, 100% GUARANTEE
Spin - a form of propaganda, achieved through providing an interpretation of an event or
campaign to persuade public opinion in favor or against a certain organization or public figure.
10th Amendment - Constitutional Amendment that states, "powers not delegated to the
United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states
respectively, or to the people." For those advocating states' rights, the amendment clearly means
that the national government has only those powers specifically assigned to it by the
Constitution.
13th Amendment - Constitutional amendment that forbade slavery and involuntary
servitude. It stated that, "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for
crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or
any place subject to their jurisdiction."
14th Amendment - the constitutional amendment that states, "No State shall make or
enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States;
nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;
nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."
527 Groups - A group that is a type of tax-exempt organization that is named after
"Section 527" of the U.S. International Revenue code. These groups are created primarily to
influence the selection, nomination, election, appointment or defeat of candidates to federal, state
or local public office.
Affirmative Action - a policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory
treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group.
Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) - a law that prohibits discrimination based on
disability. It also requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations"
for people with disabilities.
,Bandwagon effect - a political phrase that refers to the effect that occurs when some
people vote for those candidates or parties who are likely to succeed (or are proclaimed as such
by the media, polls, etc).
Beats - specific locations from which news frequently emanates, such as Congress or the
White House.
Bill of Rights - the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which defines the basic
liberties like freedom of religion, free speech and press, and the guarantee of defendant's rights.
Block Grants - federal grants given more or less automatically to states that have no
strings attached, no specific condition on how to spend the money.
Broadcast media - term that a wide spectrum of different communication methods such as
television, radio, newspapers, magazines and any other materials supplied by the media and
press.
Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) - _____ vs. ____ _______ _______ was a 1954
Supreme Court decision that held that school segregation was inherently unconstitutional
because it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection. The case was
famous because it marked the end of legal segregation.
California Board of Regents vs. Bakke (1978) - ____ _______ ____ _______ vs ______
forbid rigid racial quotas for medical school admissions. It did not forbid the practice of
considering race as a factor when deciding admissions.
Categorical Grants - federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes. They come
with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions.
Caucus - a meeting of all state party leaders for selecting delegates to the national party
convention.
, Census - a requirement by the US Constitution, saying that the government must take an
actual enumeration of the population every 10 years.
Civil liberties - The legal constitutional protections against government. Our civil liberties
are formally layed out in the Bill of Rights, the courts, the police, and the legislatures which
define their meaning.
Civil rights - policies that are meant to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory
treatment by governmental officials or individuals.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 - a landmark piece of legislation that made discrimination
against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal. It also forbade many forms of job
discrimination.
Closed primary - election in which voters choose from candidates only from the party in
which they are registered.
Coalition - an agreement for cooperation between different political parties on common
political agenda.
Conservative (qualities) - political ideology that supports a less active scope of
government that gives freer reign to the private sector, the belief in maintaining peace through
strength (when it comes to military spending), want to keep taxes low, and oppose affirmative
action.
Cooperative Federalism - a system of government in which powers and policy
assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs,
administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.
De facto segregation - racial separation that occurs "as a matter of fact." For example, it
can occur by housing patterns (where one lives) or by school enrollment (where one goes to
school).
