Biology II – Exam 1 (Palmtag, FGCU) | 2025/2026 Actual Exam Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers

Biology II – Exam 1 (Palmtag, FGCU) | 2025/2026 Actual Exam Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers Azidothymidine (AZT) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor that was part of the first class of antiviral drugs developed to treat HIV infection. Which of the following correctly describes how these drugs inhibited HIV infection? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _The drug bonded to the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme and prevented it from making a DNA copy of viral RNA. Which of the following correctly explain the effect that treating a viral infection with antibiotics has on the course of the infection? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _The infection's length will remain the same because antibiotics have no effect on eukaryotic or virally encoded enzymes. A bacterium has the following characteristics: *It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration *It can survive being boiled *it contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan Which of the following best describes the cell wall of this bacterium? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _It has an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide Which of the following protists have chloroplasts (or structures since evolved from chloroplasts) thought to be derived from ancestral green algae? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _chlorarachniophytes You have discovered that some members of an aquatic species of motile, photosynthetic protists have evolved to become parasitic to fish. They gain the ability to live in the fish gut, absorbing nutrients as the fish digests food. Over time, which of the following phenotypic changes would you expect to observe in this population of protists? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _Loss of chloroplasts Living organisms can be divided into two groups: autotrophs and heterotrophs. How do these two groups differ? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _their sources of carbon Which of the following characteristics do dinoflagellates exhibit? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _They possess two flagella. Which of the following traits do archaean and eukaryotes have in common? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _Presence of introns Some bacteria possess antibiotic resistance, as well as the ability to survive through adverse conditions. Where in this type of bacteria is the DNA located? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _plasmids, nucleoid, and endospore Which of the following structures is most likely missing in a bacterium that regenerates from an endospore lacking any of the plasmids from the original cell? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _Antibiotic-resistant genes Which of the following types of organisms produce algin, a substance used as a thickener in many processed foods? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _Kelp Which of the following organisms is a producer? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _diatoms Viruses can carry out which of the following processes? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _They can use the host cell machinery to make copies of viral genomes and viral proteins. Recently, a microbe that is able to digest cellulose was discovered in a hot spring with an average temperature of 95°C. Predict the group to which this microbe most likely belongs. -CORRECT ANSWERArchaea Bacteria perform the following ecological roles. Which role typically does not involve symbiosis? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _Skin commensalist A person is most likely to recover from a cold due to viral infection if the infected cells are able to perform which of the following processes? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _Normal cell division Which of the following processes can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _getting vaccinated Which of the following characteristics is common among all protists? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _Eukaryotic In 2009, a flu pandemic was believed to have originated when viral transmission occurred from pig to human, thereby earning the designation "swine flu." Although pigs are thought to have been the host for the 2009 virus, sequences from bird, pig, and human viruses were all found within this newly identified virus. What is the most likely explanation for the presence of sequences from bird, pig, and human viruses? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _The RNA of related vinuses can reassort during viral asembly resulting in new genetic combinations. Which the following statements describes a difference between the taxonomic levels of the hierarchical classification system? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _their inclusiveness Which of the following processes leads to genetic recombination by the introduction of viral DNA into a bacterium? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _transduction Humans have harmless E. col strains that reside in the intestines. O157:H7 is an E. coli strain reported to cause several food poisoning deaths. Evidence suggests that the virulence of 0157:H7 is caused by genes from a virus that infects bacteria. Considering this evidence, which of the following statements most likely explains how the 0157:H7 population acquired the genetic variation that distinguishes it from the harmless E. col strains? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _The virus infected the bacterium, and the bacterial peoulation replicated with a copy of the phaer genome in cach new bacterium What is one of the primary benefits of bioremediation? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _to clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by using bacteria Which of the following is a characteristic commonly found in ciliates? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _They are often multinucleate. You have discovered a new species aquatic protist that is a primary producer. It cannot swim in its own. It appears to be resistant to physical damage from wave action due to the presence of a glass-like wall. Which of the following organisms would this organism be most like? -CORRECT ANSWER, _, _diatom