Exam 2: NURS 5315 (Latest 2025/2026 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology Questions with Verified Answers | 100% Correct |Graded A- UTA.

Exam 2: NURS 5315 (Latest 2025/2026
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology
Questions with Verified Answers | 100%
Correct |Graded A- UTA.

How is coagulation cascade altered by warfarin
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- blocks I,-



Proteins S and C I,- I,- I,-




Blocks Vit K enzyme to prevent carboxylation, decreasing amount
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of functional K to be used in Vit K dependent coagulation factors
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How does low molecular weight heparin affect coagulation
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cascade inhibits factor Xa and prevents formation of
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prothrombinase complex and consequently thrombin I,- I,- I,- I,-




How do direct thrombin inhibitors alter coagulation cascade
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prevent activation of fibrinogen and XIII
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Give CM and an example of coagulopathy hemorrhage
I,- I,- I,- CM-
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joint bleeding, tissue hematomas, large spontaneous central
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ecchymosis, delayed bleeding after surgery, trauma or injury
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DIC

,Give CM and example of thrombocytopenia hemorrhage
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mucosal bleeding, epistaxis, GI or GU bleed, oral bleeding,
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hemoptysis, heavy menses, immediate bleeding after trauma, I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



possible petechiae I,-




ITP


What are causes of thrombocytopenia
I,- post-op hemodilution
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(nadir 2-4 days), splenomegaly, HIV, bone marrow failure,
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hemolysis, multiple medications I,- I,-




Primary Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura- patho and CM
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immune mediated destruction of platelets- primary or secondary
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(caused by another etiology) I,- I,- I,-




CM- petechiae, purpura, easy bruising, epistaxis, gingival
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bleeding, menorrhagia I,-




CM vary with age- worse in elderly
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Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia- patho and CM
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system destruction of platelets initiated by heparin
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Type 1- mild, 2 days post heparin admin, return to normal with
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continued administration I,-




Type 2- severe, drug reaction which destroys platelets
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Risks- female, heparin use > 1 week, post-op thromboprophylaxis
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, CM0 unexplained drop in platelets 5-10 days post admin (can be
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up to 2 weeks post), some will have rapid onset
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Discuss hemophilia A I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- affects 1 in 5-10K males I,- I,- I,- I,-




Sex linked recessive disease, deficient in factor VIII
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Normal platelets and PT, prolonged PTT, decreased factor VIII
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CM: knee, elbow, and ankle bleeds, GI bleeds
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Discuss hemophilia B I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- affects 1 in 20-30K males I,- I,- I,- I,-




Christmas disease- deficient in factor IX I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




Normal platelets and PT, prolonged PTT, decreased factor IX
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CM: knee, elbow, and ankle bleeds, GI bleeds
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Discuss DIC activation of the coagulation system causes
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widespread intravascular fibrin deposition, fibrinolytic products
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attempt to break down fibrin- adhere to platelets to prevent
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adhesion. Coagulation products are eventually consumed and
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bleeding occurs. May cause organ failure r/t micro-thrombi
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Triggers: malignancy, sepsis, infection, ob complications, trauma,
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Sx, ARDS, rhabdo, venomous snake bites
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CM: oozing, bleeding from all puncture sites, bleeds from all
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body cavities, prolonged PT/PTT, elevated d-dimer, platelet count
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<100,000