PSY 121 Exam 4 questions well
answered graded A+ passed
consciousness - ANS ✔a person's awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at
any given moment, which is used to organize behavior
waking consciousness - ANS ✔state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and
organized, and the person feels alert
altered state of consciousness - ANS ✔state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of
mental activity as compared to waking consciousness
circadian rhythm - ANS ✔a cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period
rapid eye movement (REM) - ANS ✔stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the
eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream
non-REM (NREM) sleep - ANS ✔any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM
alpha waves - ANS ✔brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep
theta waves - ANS ✔brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep
delta waves - ANS ✔long, slow waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep
REM paralysis - ANS ✔the inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep
,REM behavior disorder - ANS ✔a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the
movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up
and act out nightmares
REM rebound - ANS ✔increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on
earlier nights
nightmares - ANS ✔bad dreams occurring during REM sleep
sleepwalking (somnambulism) - ANS ✔occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving
around or walking around in one's sleep
night terrors - ANS ✔relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and
screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully
insomnia - ANS ✔the inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep
sleep apnea - ANS ✔disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or
more
narcolepsy - ANS ✔sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the
day without warning
thinking (cognition) - ANS ✔mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is
organizing and attempting to understand information and communicating information to others
mental images - ANS ✔mental representations that stand for objects or events and have a
picture-like quality
, concepts - ANS ✔ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities
superordinate concept - ANS ✔the most general form of a type of concept, such as "animal" or
"fruit"
basic-level type - ANS ✔an example of a type of concept around which other similar concepts
are organized, such as "dog," "cat," or "pear"
subordinate concept - ANS ✔the most specific category of a concept, such as one's pet dog or a
pear in one's hand
formal concepts - ANS ✔concepts that are defined by specific rules or features
natural concepts - ANS ✔concepts people form as a result of their experiences in the real world
prototype - ANS ✔an example of a concept that loosely matches the defining characteristics of a
concept
problem solving - ANS ✔process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by
thinking and behaving in certain ways
trial and error (mechanical solution) - ANS ✔problem-solving method in which one possible
solution after another is tried until a successful one is found
algorithms - ANS ✔very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems
answered graded A+ passed
consciousness - ANS ✔a person's awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at
any given moment, which is used to organize behavior
waking consciousness - ANS ✔state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and
organized, and the person feels alert
altered state of consciousness - ANS ✔state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of
mental activity as compared to waking consciousness
circadian rhythm - ANS ✔a cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period
rapid eye movement (REM) - ANS ✔stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the
eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream
non-REM (NREM) sleep - ANS ✔any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM
alpha waves - ANS ✔brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep
theta waves - ANS ✔brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep
delta waves - ANS ✔long, slow waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep
REM paralysis - ANS ✔the inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep
,REM behavior disorder - ANS ✔a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the
movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up
and act out nightmares
REM rebound - ANS ✔increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on
earlier nights
nightmares - ANS ✔bad dreams occurring during REM sleep
sleepwalking (somnambulism) - ANS ✔occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving
around or walking around in one's sleep
night terrors - ANS ✔relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and
screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully
insomnia - ANS ✔the inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep
sleep apnea - ANS ✔disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or
more
narcolepsy - ANS ✔sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the
day without warning
thinking (cognition) - ANS ✔mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is
organizing and attempting to understand information and communicating information to others
mental images - ANS ✔mental representations that stand for objects or events and have a
picture-like quality
, concepts - ANS ✔ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities
superordinate concept - ANS ✔the most general form of a type of concept, such as "animal" or
"fruit"
basic-level type - ANS ✔an example of a type of concept around which other similar concepts
are organized, such as "dog," "cat," or "pear"
subordinate concept - ANS ✔the most specific category of a concept, such as one's pet dog or a
pear in one's hand
formal concepts - ANS ✔concepts that are defined by specific rules or features
natural concepts - ANS ✔concepts people form as a result of their experiences in the real world
prototype - ANS ✔an example of a concept that loosely matches the defining characteristics of a
concept
problem solving - ANS ✔process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by
thinking and behaving in certain ways
trial and error (mechanical solution) - ANS ✔problem-solving method in which one possible
solution after another is tried until a successful one is found
algorithms - ANS ✔very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems
