Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 12th Edition —
Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing.
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 – Childhood Mortality
Stem: A community health nurse is reviewing national health
data to plan a new injury prevention program for school-aged
children. Which statistic should the nurse cite as the leading
cause of death for children aged 5-9 years in the United States?
Options:
A) Congenital anomalies
B) Malignant neoplasms (cancer)
C) Unintentional injuries (accidents)
D) Homicide
Correct Answer: C
Rationales: Correct: Unintentional injuries, including motor
vehicle accidents, drownings, and falls, are the leading cause of
death for children in the 5-9 year age group, according to data
from the CDC and discussed in Wong's. (Reference: Ch. 1,
Childhood Mortality)
Incorrect: A) Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of death
for infants under 1 year. B) Malignant neoplasms are a leading
cause of death by disease but not the overall leading cause. D)
Homicide becomes a more significant cause in the adolescent
and young adult age groups.
Teaching Point: Unintentional injuries are the primary cause of
mortality in school-aged children, guiding prevention efforts.
,Question 2
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Care
Stem: The pediatric nurse is caring for a 4-year-old admitted for
asthma exacerbation. The nurse involves the child in choosing a
sticker after medication administration and provides a
developmentally appropriate explanation. This approach is
most consistent with which philosophy?
Options:
A) Family-centered care
B) Trauma-informed care
C) Atraumatic care
D) Community-based care
Correct Answer: C
Rationales: Correct: Atraumatic care is the provision of
therapeutic care that minimizes psychological and physical
distress experienced by children and their families. This includes
preventing or minimizing pain and avoiding unnecessary
physical restraint. (Reference: Ch. 1, The Art of Pediatric
Nursing)
Incorrect: A) While family-centered, this specific action focuses
on the child's distress. B) Trauma-informed care is a broader
organizational approach. D) This care is being provided in a
hospital, not the community.
Teaching Point: Atraumatic care prioritizes minimizing the
child's distress during procedures.
,Question 3
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 – Role of the Pediatric Nurse
Stem: A nurse on a pediatric unit advocates for a change in
policy to allow parents to room-in 24/7 with their hospitalized
toddlers. This action best demonstrates the nurse's role in:
Options:
A) Health teaching
B) Family advocacy
C) Coordination and collaboration
D) Therapeutic relationship
Correct Answer: B
Rationales: Correct: Family advocacy involves speaking and
acting on behalf of children and their families to promote their
well-being and secure their rights, such as the right to be
together during hospitalization. (Reference: Ch. 1, Role of the
Pediatric Nurse)
Incorrect: A) Health teaching involves educating, not policy
change. C) Coordination involves organizing care among
providers. D) The therapeutic relationship is the one-on-one
interaction with the patient/family.
Teaching Point: Advocacy involves acting to protect and support
the rights and needs of the child and family.
Question 4
, Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 – Recognize Cues (Clinical
Judgment)
Stem: A nurse is assessing a 2-month-old infant during a well-
child visit. The mother reports the infant "gets fussy" after
feedings. Which finding is the most significant objective cue for
potential gastroesophageal reflux?
Options:
A) Spitting up 1-2 teaspoons of milk after feeds
B) Frequent hiccups
C) Failure to gain weight appropriately
D) Crying for 20 minutes after a feeding
Correct Answer: C
Rationales: Correct: While spitting up (physiologic reflux) is
common, failure to gain weight is a "red flag" cue indicating
complications like malabsorption or esophagitis, moving
beyond normal physiology to pathology. (Reference: Ch. 1,
Clinical Judgment and Reasoning; Ch. 24, GI Disorders)
Incorrect: A, B, D) These are common, expected behaviors in
infants and are not alone indicative of a pathologic process
requiring intervention.
Teaching Point: Poor weight gain is a critical cue differentiating
pathologic reflux from common, physiologic spitting up.
Question 5
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 – Ethical Decision Making
Stem: The parents of a toddler with a terminal illness and a
Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing.
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 – Childhood Mortality
Stem: A community health nurse is reviewing national health
data to plan a new injury prevention program for school-aged
children. Which statistic should the nurse cite as the leading
cause of death for children aged 5-9 years in the United States?
Options:
A) Congenital anomalies
B) Malignant neoplasms (cancer)
C) Unintentional injuries (accidents)
D) Homicide
Correct Answer: C
Rationales: Correct: Unintentional injuries, including motor
vehicle accidents, drownings, and falls, are the leading cause of
death for children in the 5-9 year age group, according to data
from the CDC and discussed in Wong's. (Reference: Ch. 1,
Childhood Mortality)
Incorrect: A) Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of death
for infants under 1 year. B) Malignant neoplasms are a leading
cause of death by disease but not the overall leading cause. D)
Homicide becomes a more significant cause in the adolescent
and young adult age groups.
Teaching Point: Unintentional injuries are the primary cause of
mortality in school-aged children, guiding prevention efforts.
,Question 2
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Care
Stem: The pediatric nurse is caring for a 4-year-old admitted for
asthma exacerbation. The nurse involves the child in choosing a
sticker after medication administration and provides a
developmentally appropriate explanation. This approach is
most consistent with which philosophy?
Options:
A) Family-centered care
B) Trauma-informed care
C) Atraumatic care
D) Community-based care
Correct Answer: C
Rationales: Correct: Atraumatic care is the provision of
therapeutic care that minimizes psychological and physical
distress experienced by children and their families. This includes
preventing or minimizing pain and avoiding unnecessary
physical restraint. (Reference: Ch. 1, The Art of Pediatric
Nursing)
Incorrect: A) While family-centered, this specific action focuses
on the child's distress. B) Trauma-informed care is a broader
organizational approach. D) This care is being provided in a
hospital, not the community.
Teaching Point: Atraumatic care prioritizes minimizing the
child's distress during procedures.
,Question 3
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 – Role of the Pediatric Nurse
Stem: A nurse on a pediatric unit advocates for a change in
policy to allow parents to room-in 24/7 with their hospitalized
toddlers. This action best demonstrates the nurse's role in:
Options:
A) Health teaching
B) Family advocacy
C) Coordination and collaboration
D) Therapeutic relationship
Correct Answer: B
Rationales: Correct: Family advocacy involves speaking and
acting on behalf of children and their families to promote their
well-being and secure their rights, such as the right to be
together during hospitalization. (Reference: Ch. 1, Role of the
Pediatric Nurse)
Incorrect: A) Health teaching involves educating, not policy
change. C) Coordination involves organizing care among
providers. D) The therapeutic relationship is the one-on-one
interaction with the patient/family.
Teaching Point: Advocacy involves acting to protect and support
the rights and needs of the child and family.
Question 4
, Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 – Recognize Cues (Clinical
Judgment)
Stem: A nurse is assessing a 2-month-old infant during a well-
child visit. The mother reports the infant "gets fussy" after
feedings. Which finding is the most significant objective cue for
potential gastroesophageal reflux?
Options:
A) Spitting up 1-2 teaspoons of milk after feeds
B) Frequent hiccups
C) Failure to gain weight appropriately
D) Crying for 20 minutes after a feeding
Correct Answer: C
Rationales: Correct: While spitting up (physiologic reflux) is
common, failure to gain weight is a "red flag" cue indicating
complications like malabsorption or esophagitis, moving
beyond normal physiology to pathology. (Reference: Ch. 1,
Clinical Judgment and Reasoning; Ch. 24, GI Disorders)
Incorrect: A, B, D) These are common, expected behaviors in
infants and are not alone indicative of a pathologic process
requiring intervention.
Teaching Point: Poor weight gain is a critical cue differentiating
pathologic reflux from common, physiologic spitting up.
Question 5
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 – Ethical Decision Making
Stem: The parents of a toddler with a terminal illness and a
