1
PSY 121 EXAM 3 NEWEST ACTUAL 2025/2026
REVIEW WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERES
The neural stimulus, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus, becomes a(n)
___________________ in classical conditioning. - (ANSWER)conditioned stimulus
Every week, Jade spends her allowance on 1/2-pound of sour lemon gummy
candies, even though they always make her mouth water. One day, as she is
walking down the street, Jade sees a girl carrying a little white bag that looks like
a candy shop bag. Jade notices that her mouth is puckering and overflowing with
saliva. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the __________________. -
(ANSWER)sour lemon gummy candy
Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands
start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's
analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as a(n)
____________________. - (ANSWER)unconditioned response
In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was presented to
the boy, it was accompanied by a loud noise which eventually led Albert to cry
when presented with the rat. In this experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon
seeing the rat was a(n) ___________ response. - (ANSWER)conditioned
In the past, thunder has made you flinch because the loud noise scares you.
Lightning always comes before the thunder and after time, you begin to flinch as
soon as the lightning strikes. In this scenario, lightning can be interpreted as a(n)
__________________. - (ANSWER)conditioned stimulus
, 2
In classical conditioning, __________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no
longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus. - (ANSWER)extinction
Martha trains her cat Whiskers to salivate to the sound of a bell. She rings the bell
every fifteen minutes and doesn't follow it with food for Whiskers. It salivates less
and less and finally stops salivating at the sound of the ringing bell. A week later,
she finds Whiskers salivating to the sound of a ringing bell. Which of the following
terms explains this response? - (ANSWER)Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination, generalization, and extinction can occur in
_______________________. - (ANSWER)both operant and classical conditioning
_______ reinforcement occurs when something pleasant follows a behavior. -
(ANSWER)Positive
Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them.
When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids
looking at the image, his panic goes away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is being
____________________. - (ANSWER)negatively reinforced; he is rewarded by his
anxiety going down
Kyla wants to make sure that her dog Axel does not beg for food from the table.
Every time that Axel begs, Kyla says, "No," in a sharp, scolding voice and she never
gives in. Kyla is using _________________. - (ANSWER)positive punishment
, 3
Being grounded or put in "time out" effectively removes pleasant stimuli (e.g.,
attention from others) from the individual. This is called __________________. -
(ANSWER)negative punishment
When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement, that
schedule is called a _____ schedule. - (ANSWER)ratio
Which schedule of reinforcement tends to get the highest response rate? -
(ANSWER)Fixed ratio
________ is the process of reinforcement of complex behaviors by rewarding the
small steps in the overall sequence of behaviors. - (ANSWER)Chaining
Gary trains his hamster to roll a marble. First, he reinforces the hamster when it
walks toward the marble, then he reinforces when it touches the marble with its
nose. Finally, the hamster learns to roll the marble and is reinforced for it. This
example illustrates _______. - (ANSWER)shaping
The application of operant-conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to
reduce or eliminate maladaptive or problematic behavior is called
_______________________. - (ANSWER)applied behavior analysis
Ms. Wang gives a sticker for each book her 3rd grade students read. At the end of
the year, any student with more than 10 stickers gets to attend a pizza party.
What behavioral technique is Ms. Wang using? - (ANSWER)Token economy
, 4
Promising yourself some kind of reward for completing a task you are not excited
about is an example of ___________________. - (ANSWER)the Premack principle
A ______ neuron fires not only when an animal engages in a particular action, but
also if an animal observes another animal (or human) engaging in the same
action. - (ANSWER)mirror
Research on mirror neurons shows that these neurons fire when an animal
_______________________. - (ANSWER)either engages in a particular behavior
or watches another animal engage in the behavior
Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his
mother. He observes his father yell and degrade his mother, and he notices that
his mother never resists this treatment. Based on the work of Bandura, what
might we predict about Michael's own relationships when he is older? -
(ANSWER)Michael may treat women with discourtesy and disrespect, as he
repeats the behavior he saw in his father.
For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except
__________________. - (ANSWER)being reinforced for imitating the model
You need to remove a broken light bulb from a lamp. Without a pair of gloves,
you are likely to cut yourself on the jagged glass. Suddenly, it occurs to you that
you can use a cut potato to remove the light bulb from the socket. You have just
demonstrated ___________. - (ANSWER)insight learning
PSY 121 EXAM 3 NEWEST ACTUAL 2025/2026
REVIEW WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERES
The neural stimulus, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus, becomes a(n)
___________________ in classical conditioning. - (ANSWER)conditioned stimulus
Every week, Jade spends her allowance on 1/2-pound of sour lemon gummy
candies, even though they always make her mouth water. One day, as she is
walking down the street, Jade sees a girl carrying a little white bag that looks like
a candy shop bag. Jade notices that her mouth is puckering and overflowing with
saliva. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the __________________. -
(ANSWER)sour lemon gummy candy
Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands
start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's
analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as a(n)
____________________. - (ANSWER)unconditioned response
In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was presented to
the boy, it was accompanied by a loud noise which eventually led Albert to cry
when presented with the rat. In this experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon
seeing the rat was a(n) ___________ response. - (ANSWER)conditioned
In the past, thunder has made you flinch because the loud noise scares you.
Lightning always comes before the thunder and after time, you begin to flinch as
soon as the lightning strikes. In this scenario, lightning can be interpreted as a(n)
__________________. - (ANSWER)conditioned stimulus
, 2
In classical conditioning, __________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no
longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus. - (ANSWER)extinction
Martha trains her cat Whiskers to salivate to the sound of a bell. She rings the bell
every fifteen minutes and doesn't follow it with food for Whiskers. It salivates less
and less and finally stops salivating at the sound of the ringing bell. A week later,
she finds Whiskers salivating to the sound of a ringing bell. Which of the following
terms explains this response? - (ANSWER)Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination, generalization, and extinction can occur in
_______________________. - (ANSWER)both operant and classical conditioning
_______ reinforcement occurs when something pleasant follows a behavior. -
(ANSWER)Positive
Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them.
When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids
looking at the image, his panic goes away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is being
____________________. - (ANSWER)negatively reinforced; he is rewarded by his
anxiety going down
Kyla wants to make sure that her dog Axel does not beg for food from the table.
Every time that Axel begs, Kyla says, "No," in a sharp, scolding voice and she never
gives in. Kyla is using _________________. - (ANSWER)positive punishment
, 3
Being grounded or put in "time out" effectively removes pleasant stimuli (e.g.,
attention from others) from the individual. This is called __________________. -
(ANSWER)negative punishment
When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement, that
schedule is called a _____ schedule. - (ANSWER)ratio
Which schedule of reinforcement tends to get the highest response rate? -
(ANSWER)Fixed ratio
________ is the process of reinforcement of complex behaviors by rewarding the
small steps in the overall sequence of behaviors. - (ANSWER)Chaining
Gary trains his hamster to roll a marble. First, he reinforces the hamster when it
walks toward the marble, then he reinforces when it touches the marble with its
nose. Finally, the hamster learns to roll the marble and is reinforced for it. This
example illustrates _______. - (ANSWER)shaping
The application of operant-conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to
reduce or eliminate maladaptive or problematic behavior is called
_______________________. - (ANSWER)applied behavior analysis
Ms. Wang gives a sticker for each book her 3rd grade students read. At the end of
the year, any student with more than 10 stickers gets to attend a pizza party.
What behavioral technique is Ms. Wang using? - (ANSWER)Token economy
, 4
Promising yourself some kind of reward for completing a task you are not excited
about is an example of ___________________. - (ANSWER)the Premack principle
A ______ neuron fires not only when an animal engages in a particular action, but
also if an animal observes another animal (or human) engaging in the same
action. - (ANSWER)mirror
Research on mirror neurons shows that these neurons fire when an animal
_______________________. - (ANSWER)either engages in a particular behavior
or watches another animal engage in the behavior
Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his
mother. He observes his father yell and degrade his mother, and he notices that
his mother never resists this treatment. Based on the work of Bandura, what
might we predict about Michael's own relationships when he is older? -
(ANSWER)Michael may treat women with discourtesy and disrespect, as he
repeats the behavior he saw in his father.
For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except
__________________. - (ANSWER)being reinforced for imitating the model
You need to remove a broken light bulb from a lamp. Without a pair of gloves,
you are likely to cut yourself on the jagged glass. Suddenly, it occurs to you that
you can use a cut potato to remove the light bulb from the socket. You have just
demonstrated ___________. - (ANSWER)insight learning
