CITI -SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL
RESEARCH EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical
convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that:
-Persons with diminished autonomy should only participate in no more than minimal risk
research.
-Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
-Persons involved in research cannot financially benefit.
-Persons with diminished autonomy should be excluded from research. - ANS -Persons with
diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied to a
study employing human subjects?
-Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of risks.
-Ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from all segments of the population.
-Ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are protected.
-Providing detailed information about the study and obtaining the subject's consent to
participate. - ANS -Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a
minimization of risks.
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Page
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, -IRB Review, Federal Regulations, Declaration of Helsinki
-Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice
-Privacy, Confidentiality, Equitable Selection of Subjects
-Informed Consent, Institutional Assurance, Researcher Responsibility - ANS -Respect for
Persons, Beneficence, Justice
Which of the following studies is linked most directly to the establishment of the National
Research Act in 1974 and ultimately to the Belmont Report and federal regulations for human
subject protection?
-The "Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study
-PHS Tuskegee Study
-Tearoom Trade Study (Humphreys)
-Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo) - ANS -PHS Tuskegee Study
The researcher's failure to protect research subjects from deductive disclosure of identity (that
is, the re-identification of subjects by other researchers) is the primary ethical violation in which
of the following studies?
-"Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study
-PHS Tuskegee study
-Zimbardo's "Stanford Prison Experiment"
-Milgram's "Obedience to Authority" study - ANS -"Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study
The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that:
-Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.
-The study makes a significant contribution to generalizable knowledge.
-Subjects derive individual benefit from study participation.
-Risks are managed so that they are no more than minimal. - ANS -Risks to subjects are
reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.
2
Page
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, An example cited in the Belmont Report (The National Commission 1979) stated that "During
the 19th and early 20th centuries the burdens of serving as research subjects fell largely upon
poor ward patients, while the benefits of improved medical care flowed primarily to private
patients." This is an example of a violation of which Belmont principle?
-Respect for persons
-Justice
-Beneficence - ANS -Justice
A study was submitted to the IRB designed to evaluate the effect of background noise on an
individual's ability to concentrate and answer questions. The IRB approved the study and
consent form. The consent form includes all the required information. The use of a consent
form is an example of the Belmont principle of:
-Respect for persons
-Justice
-Beneficence - ANS -Respect for persons
A researcher submits a study to the IRB that proposes to evaluate a new after-school on-line
tutoring program for middle-school students in a local school district examining the effect on
student grades. She proposes to perform this assessment at the school that her children attend,
because she is familiar with the school district. Students may use either their personal
smartphone or computer to participate in the program. This study might be determined to be
violating which principle of the Belmont Report?
-Respect for persons
-Justice
-Beneficence - ANS -Justice
Humphreys' collecting data for the Tearoom Trade study under the pretense that he was a
lookout is an example of a violation of the principle of:
-Respect for persons
-Beneficence
3
Page
-Justice - ANS -Respect for persons
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, A medical record is an example of:
-Private behavior
-Public behavior
-Private information
-Public information - ANS -Private information
According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of
research with human subjects?
-An organization for women academics in engineering asks a federal agency to provide the
number of women investigators funded by that agency to include in a report for its
membership.
-A researcher receives anonymized data for secondary analysis from a survey about gender-
related differences in stress levels conducted by a colleague at another university.
-A university designs an in-house study to improve the mentoring of women students in its
engineering department with the proposed outcome consisting of a report of
recommendations for the department.
-An experiment is proposed on the relationship between gender-related stereotypes in math
and the subsequent performance by males and females on math tests. - ANS -An experiment
is proposed on the relationship between gender-related stereotypes in math and the
subsequent performance by males and females on math tests.
According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of
research with human subjects?
-A researcher uses the Customs Office's passenger lists for ships bringing immigrants to the U.S.
between 1820-1845 to track the numbers of immigrants from certain ethnic groups.
-A researcher conducts a linguistic study of comments posted on a local public blog.
-A developmental psychologist videotapes interactions between groups of toddlers and their
caregivers to determine which intervention methods most effectively manage aggression.
-A researcher asks the director of a local free clinic about the number of patients in the last two
4
years with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS. - ANS -A developmental psychologist videotapes
Page
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
RESEARCH EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical
convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that:
-Persons with diminished autonomy should only participate in no more than minimal risk
research.
-Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
-Persons involved in research cannot financially benefit.
-Persons with diminished autonomy should be excluded from research. - ANS -Persons with
diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied to a
study employing human subjects?
-Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of risks.
-Ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from all segments of the population.
-Ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are protected.
-Providing detailed information about the study and obtaining the subject's consent to
participate. - ANS -Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a
minimization of risks.
1
Page
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, -IRB Review, Federal Regulations, Declaration of Helsinki
-Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice
-Privacy, Confidentiality, Equitable Selection of Subjects
-Informed Consent, Institutional Assurance, Researcher Responsibility - ANS -Respect for
Persons, Beneficence, Justice
Which of the following studies is linked most directly to the establishment of the National
Research Act in 1974 and ultimately to the Belmont Report and federal regulations for human
subject protection?
-The "Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study
-PHS Tuskegee Study
-Tearoom Trade Study (Humphreys)
-Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo) - ANS -PHS Tuskegee Study
The researcher's failure to protect research subjects from deductive disclosure of identity (that
is, the re-identification of subjects by other researchers) is the primary ethical violation in which
of the following studies?
-"Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study
-PHS Tuskegee study
-Zimbardo's "Stanford Prison Experiment"
-Milgram's "Obedience to Authority" study - ANS -"Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study
The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that:
-Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.
-The study makes a significant contribution to generalizable knowledge.
-Subjects derive individual benefit from study participation.
-Risks are managed so that they are no more than minimal. - ANS -Risks to subjects are
reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.
2
Page
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, An example cited in the Belmont Report (The National Commission 1979) stated that "During
the 19th and early 20th centuries the burdens of serving as research subjects fell largely upon
poor ward patients, while the benefits of improved medical care flowed primarily to private
patients." This is an example of a violation of which Belmont principle?
-Respect for persons
-Justice
-Beneficence - ANS -Justice
A study was submitted to the IRB designed to evaluate the effect of background noise on an
individual's ability to concentrate and answer questions. The IRB approved the study and
consent form. The consent form includes all the required information. The use of a consent
form is an example of the Belmont principle of:
-Respect for persons
-Justice
-Beneficence - ANS -Respect for persons
A researcher submits a study to the IRB that proposes to evaluate a new after-school on-line
tutoring program for middle-school students in a local school district examining the effect on
student grades. She proposes to perform this assessment at the school that her children attend,
because she is familiar with the school district. Students may use either their personal
smartphone or computer to participate in the program. This study might be determined to be
violating which principle of the Belmont Report?
-Respect for persons
-Justice
-Beneficence - ANS -Justice
Humphreys' collecting data for the Tearoom Trade study under the pretense that he was a
lookout is an example of a violation of the principle of:
-Respect for persons
-Beneficence
3
Page
-Justice - ANS -Respect for persons
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, A medical record is an example of:
-Private behavior
-Public behavior
-Private information
-Public information - ANS -Private information
According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of
research with human subjects?
-An organization for women academics in engineering asks a federal agency to provide the
number of women investigators funded by that agency to include in a report for its
membership.
-A researcher receives anonymized data for secondary analysis from a survey about gender-
related differences in stress levels conducted by a colleague at another university.
-A university designs an in-house study to improve the mentoring of women students in its
engineering department with the proposed outcome consisting of a report of
recommendations for the department.
-An experiment is proposed on the relationship between gender-related stereotypes in math
and the subsequent performance by males and females on math tests. - ANS -An experiment
is proposed on the relationship between gender-related stereotypes in math and the
subsequent performance by males and females on math tests.
According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of
research with human subjects?
-A researcher uses the Customs Office's passenger lists for ships bringing immigrants to the U.S.
between 1820-1845 to track the numbers of immigrants from certain ethnic groups.
-A researcher conducts a linguistic study of comments posted on a local public blog.
-A developmental psychologist videotapes interactions between groups of toddlers and their
caregivers to determine which intervention methods most effectively manage aggression.
-A researcher asks the director of a local free clinic about the number of patients in the last two
4
years with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS. - ANS -A developmental psychologist videotapes
Page
@COPYRIGHT @THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
