BIO 168 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
List the functions of the Nervous System - ANSWERReceptors detect changes in the
internal or external environment.
Information is sent to the CNS by the sensory division of the PNS.
Information processing
Motor commands are carried by the motor division of the PNS.
Effectors respond to those commands and change their activities.
What type of gated channels responds to changes in the transmembrane potential? -
ANSWERVoltage-gated Channels
What occurs as a result of the opening of sodium channels in the membrane? -
ANSWERDepolarization
How do muscle tissue action potentials compare with neuronal tissue action
potentials? - ANSWERAction potentials: Nuerons v. Muscle tissue
Action potentials: last longer in muscle fib
Muscle fibers conduct action potentials only by continuous propagtion.
Muscle fibers conduct and action potential at slower speeds.
What makes up the Central Nervous System? - ANSWERBrain & Spinal cord
What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System? - ANSWERAll neural tissue outside
the CNS
What does the somatic nervous system control? - ANSWERSkeletal Muscles
What does the Automatic nervous system control? - ANSWERSmooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands
adipose tissue
Define neuron? - ANSWERBasic functional unit of nervous system.
Nerve cells specialized for intercellular communication.
Define Synapse? - ANSWERSpecialized site of communication between neuron &
another cell.
What are neurons unable to do due to their lack of centrioles? - ANSWERThey
Cannot Divide
So, if lost to injury or disease, seldom replaced.
What are the functions of the following receptors?
Interoreceptors
Special sense receptors
, proprioceptors
somatic sensory receptors
exteroreceptors - ANSWERSomatic sensory receptors- position, touch, pressure
pain and temperature
Special sensory receptors- smell, taste, vision, balance, hearing
Interoceptors (inside)-Monitor various body systems
Proprioceptors- Monitors body position and movement of joints and muscles
Exteroceptors (outside)- Monitors sensations from the external environment.
What class of neuron is the most common class found in the CNS? -
ANSWERMultipolar
What are the function of Neuroglia? - ANSWERSupport & Protect neurons
Maintenance of blood-brain
Secretion of cerebral spinal fluid
Phagocytosis
What is the functions of Microglia? - ANSWERPersist as mobile phagocytic cells
Remove cellular debris, waste products, and pathogens.
What blocks many medications from making direct contact with neurons of the CNS?
what type of Neuroglia cells provide this barrier? - ANSWERAstrocytes
Maintain the blood-brain barrier
Isolates CNS from chemicals and hormones in the blood.
What would be the result of extensive damage to oligodendrocytes in the CNS? -
ANSWERLoss of sensation and motor control.
How do Schwann cells participate in the regeneration of the PNS nerves? -
ANSWERParticipate in Axon repair
What is meant by Membrane Potential? - ANSWERUnequal charge distribution
across a cell membrane.
What are leaky channels? what substances can pass through these leaky channels?
- ANSWERMajor reason Membrane Potential Exists.
Potassium ions diffuse out of the cell k+ channels.
Sodium ions diffuse in cell through Na+ channels.
What would result if the sodium-potassium ATPase failed to function? - ANSWERIt
wouldn't maintain stable resting potential.
What is meant by the absolute refractory period? - ANSWERTime during which the
membrane cannot respond to any further stimulation, no matter how strong.
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
List the functions of the Nervous System - ANSWERReceptors detect changes in the
internal or external environment.
Information is sent to the CNS by the sensory division of the PNS.
Information processing
Motor commands are carried by the motor division of the PNS.
Effectors respond to those commands and change their activities.
What type of gated channels responds to changes in the transmembrane potential? -
ANSWERVoltage-gated Channels
What occurs as a result of the opening of sodium channels in the membrane? -
ANSWERDepolarization
How do muscle tissue action potentials compare with neuronal tissue action
potentials? - ANSWERAction potentials: Nuerons v. Muscle tissue
Action potentials: last longer in muscle fib
Muscle fibers conduct action potentials only by continuous propagtion.
Muscle fibers conduct and action potential at slower speeds.
What makes up the Central Nervous System? - ANSWERBrain & Spinal cord
What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System? - ANSWERAll neural tissue outside
the CNS
What does the somatic nervous system control? - ANSWERSkeletal Muscles
What does the Automatic nervous system control? - ANSWERSmooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands
adipose tissue
Define neuron? - ANSWERBasic functional unit of nervous system.
Nerve cells specialized for intercellular communication.
Define Synapse? - ANSWERSpecialized site of communication between neuron &
another cell.
What are neurons unable to do due to their lack of centrioles? - ANSWERThey
Cannot Divide
So, if lost to injury or disease, seldom replaced.
What are the functions of the following receptors?
Interoreceptors
Special sense receptors
, proprioceptors
somatic sensory receptors
exteroreceptors - ANSWERSomatic sensory receptors- position, touch, pressure
pain and temperature
Special sensory receptors- smell, taste, vision, balance, hearing
Interoceptors (inside)-Monitor various body systems
Proprioceptors- Monitors body position and movement of joints and muscles
Exteroceptors (outside)- Monitors sensations from the external environment.
What class of neuron is the most common class found in the CNS? -
ANSWERMultipolar
What are the function of Neuroglia? - ANSWERSupport & Protect neurons
Maintenance of blood-brain
Secretion of cerebral spinal fluid
Phagocytosis
What is the functions of Microglia? - ANSWERPersist as mobile phagocytic cells
Remove cellular debris, waste products, and pathogens.
What blocks many medications from making direct contact with neurons of the CNS?
what type of Neuroglia cells provide this barrier? - ANSWERAstrocytes
Maintain the blood-brain barrier
Isolates CNS from chemicals and hormones in the blood.
What would be the result of extensive damage to oligodendrocytes in the CNS? -
ANSWERLoss of sensation and motor control.
How do Schwann cells participate in the regeneration of the PNS nerves? -
ANSWERParticipate in Axon repair
What is meant by Membrane Potential? - ANSWERUnequal charge distribution
across a cell membrane.
What are leaky channels? what substances can pass through these leaky channels?
- ANSWERMajor reason Membrane Potential Exists.
Potassium ions diffuse out of the cell k+ channels.
Sodium ions diffuse in cell through Na+ channels.
What would result if the sodium-potassium ATPase failed to function? - ANSWERIt
wouldn't maintain stable resting potential.
What is meant by the absolute refractory period? - ANSWERTime during which the
membrane cannot respond to any further stimulation, no matter how strong.
