NCM 119 - Nursing Leadership and Management Questions

GOAL - ANS-- Desired aim or condition toward which one is willing to work EXAMPLE OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP - ANS-- Ronald Reagan WHAT ARE THE CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT - ANS-- Resources, Theories and Principles, Management Process and Functions, Effective and Efficient Leadership (RTME) Are personal goals that usually based on one's desire - ANS-- INDIVIDUAL GOALS Pertains to what the individual members of the group desire to achieve as a group - ANS-- GROUP GOALS Are management goals or an organization that are established to justify its existence - ANS-- ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS GOALS CAN BE: - ANS-- Short term and Long term A powerful process of thinking about the ideal future, and for motivating oneself, the group or the organization to turn this vision of the future into reality - ANS-- GOAL SETTING CHARACTERISTICS OF GOAL - ANS-- Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-bound, Efficient and Effective, Rewarding (SMARTER) FOUR FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT - ANS-- Planning, Organizing, Directing, Controlling Refers to a budget that would allocate for an undertaking - ANS-- MONEY Refers to human resources that are needed to achieve the goal - ANS-- MEN Are devices that help the organization by either performing tasks faster or doing work that humans cannot - ANS-- MACHINES They normally required an energy source - ANS-- INPUT Are expected to perform work - ANS-- OUTPUT Devices with no rigid moving part - ANS-- TOOLS Are physical resources used as inouts in any care process - ANS-- MATERIALS Refer to the body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge - ANS-- METHODS Refers also to time as a fundamental quantity used for several purposes, such as sequential arrangement, comparison of different events, and measurement of motion or objects - ANS-- MOMENT is the organization of asks or events which begins with estimating how much time is needed for a task, and learning to adjust to unexpected events that may prevent or jeopardize its completion in order to complete the task in the appropriate amount of time - ANS-- TIME MANAGEMENT The person responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals, monitoring their work, and taking corrective action when necessary. - ANS-- MANAGER May or may not have official appointment to the position - ANS-- LEADER Officially appointed - ANS-- MANAGER Vested with power and authority by the group - ANS-- LEADER Vested with power and authority by the organization - ANS-- MANAGER Influence others towards goal setting - ANS-- LEADER Implements predetermined goals, policies, rules and regulations - ANS-- MANAGER Interested taking and new ideas - ANS-- LEADER Measures the risks to be taken in line with the expected results - ANS-- MANAGER Relates personally - ANS-- LEADER Relates to people according to their roles - ANS-- MANAGER Feels rewarded by personal achievement - ANS-- LEADER Feels rewarded when accomplishing organizational missions and goals - ANS-- MANAGER WHAT ARE THE 7Ms - ANS-- Money, Men, Machines, Materials, Methods, Moment, Manager The privilege to have the responsibility to direct the actions of others at varying levels of authority and with accountability to both successful and fail endeavors - ANS-- LEADERSHIP is defined as the process where the nurse influences one or more persons to achieve specific goals in the provision of nursing care of one or more patients - ANS-- NURSING LEADERSHIP Process of getting things do through people - ANS-- MANAGEMENT Influencing people so that they will strive willingly towards the achievement of group goals - ANS-- LEADERSHIP THEORIES - Given the power to make decisions alone, having total authority. - Closely supervises and controls people when they perform certain tasks. - ANS-- AUTOCRATIC OR AUTHORITARIAN LEADER EXAMPLE OF AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP - ANS-- Adolf Hitler - Includes one or more people in term of the decision-making process of determining what to do and how to do it. - Maintains the final decision making authority. - ANS-- DEMOCRATIC OR PARTICIPATIVE LEADER EXAMPLE OF DEMOCRATIC OR PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP - ANS-- George Washington EXAMPLE OF LAISSEZ-FAIRE OR DELEGATIVE LEADERSHIP - ANS-- Queen Victoria - Allows people to make their own decisions - Leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made - This style allows greater freedom and responsibility for people - However, you need competent people around you or nothing will get done - ANS-- AISSEZ-FAIRE OR DELEGATIVE LEADER - Leads by creating energy and eagerness in people - Leader is well liked and inspired people - Appeals to people's emotional side - ANS-- CHARISMATIC LEADER - The highest priority of this leader is to encourage, support and enable people to fulfill their full potential and abilities. - Helps people achieve their goals. - Works for the people. - ANS-- SERVANT LEADER EXAMPLE OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP - ANS-- Abraham Lincoln CORE ELEMENTS OF NURSING LEADERSHIP - ANS-- Vision, Influence, Power, Authority, Responsibility, Accountability Provides direction to the influence process - ANS-- VISION WHAT CONSISTS OF THE POWER TRIANGLE? - ANS-- Communication, Recognition, Influence - Is defined as the ability to efficiently and collectively exercise authority and control through personal, organizational and social strength - Includes caring practices by nurses which are used to empower patients - ANS-- POWER Is bestowed upon a leader by a given position in the hierarchy of an organization - ANS-- LEGITIMATE POWER Is derived from the manager's ability to give rewards to her subordinates for compliance with her orders or requests - ANS-- REWARD POWER Is based on the leader's ability to punish subordinates for non-compliance - ANS-- COERCIVE POWER Is derived from special abilities or skills unique to the leader - ANS-- EXPERT POWER Is based on relationship and connections, it is also called networking - ANS-- REFERENT POWER Represents the right to expect or secure compliance - ANS-- AUTHORITY Direct supervisory from superior to subordinates - ANS-- LINE AUTHORITY Unbroken line of reporting that extends through the entire organization - ANS-- CHAIN OF COMMAND Take orders from and reports to only one person - ANS-- UNITY OF COMMAND Number of employees placed under the direction of one leader manager - ANS-- SPAN OF CONTROL authority based on expertise that usually involves counseling and advising line managers - ANS-- STAFF AUTHORITY Authority is granted to committees or work teams involved in an organization's daily operations - ANS-- TEAM AUTHORITY Uses delegates authority within formal organization to organize, direct and control subordinates - ANS-- MANAGEMENT is a process of directing and influencing a task related activity of group members - ANS-- MANAGERIAL LEADERSHIP KEY CONCEPTS IN NURSING MANAGEMENT - ANS-- Administration, Organization, Mission, Vision, Philosophy, Objectives Refers to the highest level of hierarchy, it is the policy making body and as such sets the policy for the organization which determines the aims and objectives of the organization - ANS-- ADMINISTRATION Are chosen because of their conceptual skills - ANS-- DIRECTOR Are chosen because of their interpersonal skills - ANS-- ADMIN Are chosen because of their technical skills - ANS-- NURSES Arrangement of people and resources working in a planned manner toward specified strategic goals - ANS-- ORGANIZATION is a line linking the parts of an organization, its relationships, areas of responsibilities, persons to whom one is accountable; and channels of communication are designed to visually see the lines of communication between and among the people involved in the organization - ANS-- ORGANIZATIONAL CHART - outlines the purpose of the agency, and in this case, the purpose of the hospital or the organization that provides health care. - ANS-- MISSION Outlines the organization's future role and functions. It gives the agency something to strive for - ANS-- VISION - describes the vision of an organization. It is a statement of beliefs and values that direct the organization's life or practice. - gives direction to how the mission or purpose is achieved. - ANS-- PHILOSOPHY Are specific and concrete in terms of results to be achieved. It is the backbone of one's goals and philosophy - ANS-- OBJECTIVES developed the Theory of Scientific Management in order to address the growing need to improve industrial production - ANS-- FREDERICK TAYLOR () Management using scientific observation - ANS-- THE ONE BEST WAY Put right worker in right job, find limitations, train - ANS-- SCIENTIFIC SELECTIONS OF PERSONNEL Putting right worker in right job not enough - ANS-- FINANCIAL INCENTIVES - Division of labor between manager and workers o - Manager plans, prepares, inspects - Worker does the actual work - ANS-- FUNCTIONAL FOREMANSHIP The one best way, Scientific selection of personnel, Financial incentives, Functional foremanship - ANS-- TAYLOR'S PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT - First came up with the five basic functions of management- Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Communicating, and Controlling - First wrote that management is a of principles which can be learned - Developed Fourteen Principle of Management - ANS-- HENRI FAYOL () Allows for job specialization. Work should be divided among individuals and groups - ANS-- DIVISION OF WORK Authority right to give orders. Responsibility involves being answerable - ANS-- AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY Common efforts of workers - ANS-- DISCIPLINE Employees should only have one boss - ANS-- UNITY OF COMMAND A single plan of action to guide the organization - ANS-- UNITY OF DIRECTION An equitable uniform payment system that motivates and contribute to success - ANS-- RENUMERATION The degree to which authority rests at the top of the organization - ANS-- CENTRALIZATION Chain like authority scale - ANS-- SCALAR CHAIN The arrangement f employees where they will be of the most value to the organization - ANS-- ORDER The provision of justice and fair dealing - ANS-- EQUITY Harmony, general good feeling among employees - ANS-- ESPRIT DE CORPS - father of the Theory of Social Economic Organization. - advocated a complex form of bureaucracy based on hierarchy of authority and division of work having specialization of function. - ANS-- MAX WEBER () As a social process focused on the motivation of individuals and groups alike towards achieving a common goal - ANS-- MARY FOLLET () tested the assumptions of the scientific management theory through studies called the "Hawthorne effect' - ANS-- ELTON MAYO () AND FRITZ ROETHLISBERGER () CONTEMPORARY LEADER MANAGER OBJECTIVES - ANS-- Management by objectives, Management as decision making, Management roles - Father of modern corporate management - consensual process where both management and rank-and-file meet in order to understand and agree on the organization's objectives. - Example given by him was the emphasis on profit. - ANS-- PETER DUDKER () - Suggested the view that in hospitals and other service institutions, decisions are made by employees at all levels of organization, forming a network of decision makers. - He named optimizing and satisfying as two distinct approaches to decision- making. - ANS-- HERBERT SIMON () Managerial roles - ANS-- HENRY MINITZBERG (1975) INTERPERSONAL - ANS-- figurehead, leader, liaison INFORMATIONAL - ANS-- monitor, disseminator, spokesperson DECISIONAL - ANS-- entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator father of humanistic psychology theorized that man's various needs form a hierarchy starting with their more basic needs. - ANS-- ABRAHAM MASLOW () came up with the Two Factor Theory that influence people: hygiene factors and motivation factors - ANS-- FREDERICK HERZBERG (1959) TWO FACTOR THEORY - ANS-- Hygienic factors and Motivation factors Adequate salary, Appropriate supervision, Good interpersonal relations, Safe and tolerable working conditions - ANS-- HYGIENIC FACTORS Satisfying meaningful work, Opportunities for advancement and achievement, Appropriate responsibility, Adequate recognition - ANS-- MOTIVATION FACTORS he developed two theories dubbed Theory X and Theory Y worked on two different sets of assumption - ANS-- DOUGLAS MCGREGOR SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY - ANS-- Frederick Taylor SYSTEMATIC MANAGEMENT THEORY - ANS-- Henri Fayol ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY - ANS-- Max Weber THEORIES FOCUSED ON HUMAN RELATIONS - ANS-- Mary Follet, Elton Mayo, Fritz Roethlisberger MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES - ANS-- Peter Ducker MANAGEMENT AS DECISION MAKING - ANS-- Herbert Simon MANAGERIAL ROLES - ANS-- Henry Mintzberg MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES - ANS-- Abraham Maslow, Frederick Herzberg,, Douglas Mcgregor Collecting and analyzing data - ANS-- ASSESSMENT Using clinical judgment - ANS-- NURSING DIAGNOSIS Setting measurable and achievable goals - ANS-- OUTCOMES/PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION - ANS-- Intervention according to care Effectiveness of the nursing care is evaluated and modified - ANS-- EVALUATION - Methods of classifying patients - Is a tool used for managing and planning the allocations of nursing staff in accordance with the nursing care needs - ANS-- PATIENT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (PCS) or PATIENT ACUITY SYSTEM the measure of nursing workload generated for each patient - ANS-- PATIENT ACUITY FACTORS AFFECTING THE REQUIREMENTS FOR NURSING CARE - ANS-- ACUITY OF PATIENTS ILLNESS, DEGREE OF DEPENDENCY, COMMUNICABILITY OF THE ILLNESS, REHABILITATION NEEDS, SPECIAL TREATMENTS, AND PROCEDURES - Patient are capable of carrying activities of daily - Convalescing - Requires diagnostic studies - Less frequent observation and daily care for minor condition - Awaiting elective surgery - ANS-- CATEGORY 1: MINIMAL CARE/SELF-CARE - Given to patient who are moderately ill - Require nursing supervision or some assistance, ambulating and caring for their own hygiene - ANS-- CATEGORY 2: MODERATE CARE/INTERMEDIATE CARE - Patient need close attention throughout shift - MONITORING; BEDRIDDEN - Patient requires nursing to initiate, supervise, and perform MOST of their activities or who require FREQUENT and COMPLEX medication and treatment - ANS-- CATEGORY 3: MAXIMUM/TOTAL/COMPLETE ACUTELY ILL patients who have high level of NURSE DEPENDENCY, including those requiring INTENSIVE nursing care and are in CONSTANT DANGER OF DEATH - ANS-- CATEGORY 4: INTENSIVE/CRITICAL/HIGHLY SPECIALIZED - MANNER OF ORGANIZING PATIENT CARE ASSIGNMENT SYSTEM FOR STAFFING NURSING CARE MODALITY PATTERNS OF NURSING CARE - depends of the philosophy and objectives of the directors - Depends on the capacity - ANS-- CLIENT CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM MODALITIES OF CARE - ANS-- Case, Functional, Team, Primary, District - Total patient care - One to one - Oldest method - ANS-- CASE METHOD - Task oriented method - Based on division of labor - Particular nursing function - ANS-- FUNCTIONAL NURSING - Goal achievement through group action - Patient centered care - Best care at lowest cost - ANS-- TEAM NURSING - Relationship based nursing - Assures comprehensive and continuity of direct care - ANS-- PRIMARY NURSING - Geographic assignment of patient - Modification of team and primary nursing - ANS-- DISTRICT NURSING focuses on the administrative issues of health care, rather than the actual delivery of health care - ANS-- NURSING CARE MANAGEMENT is a process of monitoring an individual patient's health care by the case manager, for the purpose of maximizing positive outcomes and containing costs. From the diagnostic phase through hospitalization, rehabilitation and back to home care - ANS-- CASE MANAGEMENT this is central to maintaining and improving quality of care. Nurses innovate to find new information and better ways of promoting health, preventing disease and better ways of care and cure - ANS-- INNOVATIVE/CONTEMPORARY METHOD - is an integration of research evidence, clinical expertise and a patient's preferences. - This problem-solving approach to clinical practice encourages nurses to provide individualized patient care - ANS-- EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE - The development of it started in 2001 through the initiative of the Professional Regulation Commission - Board of Nursing (PRC-BON) - ANS-- NATIONAL NURSING CORE COMPETENCY STANDARDS (NNCCS) 11 CORE COMPETENCY AREAS FOR NURSING PRACTICE - ANS-- 1. Safe and Quality Nursing Care 2. Management of Resources and Environment 3. Health Education 4. Ethico-Moral Responsibility 5. Legal Responsibility 6. Personal and Professional Development 7. Quality Improvement 8. Research 9. Record Management 10. Communication 11. Collaboration and Teamwork This was promulgated by PRBON on July 27, 2012 through resolution No. 24 - ANS-- 2012 NNCCS The competency standards will serve as a unifying framework for nursing education, regulation and practice - ANS-- 2012 NNCCS Practices in accordance with legal principles and the code of ethics in making personal and professional judgement - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 1 (Beginning Nurse's Role on Client Care) Utilizes the nursing process in the interdisciplinary care of clients that empowers the clients and promotes safe quality care - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 2 (Beginning Nurse's Role on Client Care) Maintains complete and up to date recording and reporting system - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 3 (Beginning Nurse's Role on Client Care) Establishes collaborative relationship with colleagues and other members of the team to enhance nursing and other health care services - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 4 (Beginning Nurse's Role on Client Care) Promotes professional and personal growth and development - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 5 (Beginning Nurse's Role on Client Care) Demonstrates management and leadership skills to provide safe and quality care - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 1 (Beginning Nurses Role on Leadership snd Management) Demonstrates accountability for safe nursing practice - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 2 (Beginning Nurses Role on Leadership and Management) Demonstrates Management and Leadership Skills to Deliver Health Programs and Services Effectively to Specific Client Groups in the Community Setting - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 3 (Beginning Nurses Role on Leadership snd Management) Manages a Community/Village Based Health Facility/Component of Health Programs or a Nursing Service - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 4 (Beginning Nurses Role on Leadership snd Management) Demonstrates to Lead and Supervise Nursing Support Staff - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 5 (Beginning Nurses Role on Leadership snd Management) Utilizes Appropriate Mechanisms for Networking, Linkage Building and Referrals - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 6 (Beginning Nurses Role on Leadership snd Management) Engage in nursing or health related research with or under the supervision of an experienced researcher - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 1 (Beginning Nurse's Role on Research) Evaluates research study/report utilizing guidelines in the conduct of a written research critique - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 2 (Beginning Nurse's Role on Research) Applies the research process in improving client care in partnership with a quality improvement/quality assurance/nursing audit team - ANS-- RESPONSIBILITY 3 (Beginning Nurse's Role on Research) provides for the powers, duties and functions of the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing (PRBON), which include the power to promulgate decisions or adopt measures as may be necessary for the improvement of the nursing practice and for the advancement of the profession - ANS-- Article III, Sec. 4 of Republic Act (RA) No. 7164 or the Philippine Nursing Act of 1991 refers to the authoritative statements of the duties that all Philippine Registered Nurses, regardless of role, population, or specialty, are expected to perform competently - ANS-- PHILIPPINE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE STANDARDS to be able to develop systems that support nurses to meet prescribed standards of practice focusing on: (a) developing job descriptions; (b) developing orientation and in-service programs; and (c) creating performance appraisal tool - ANS-- EMPLOYERS to serve as guide in the development of standards that shall serve as the bases for curriculum development - ANS-- NURSING EDUCATION LEADERS can be assured of competent, safe, quality nursing care and ethical practice - ANS-- PUBLIC - Using it as framework for the Nurse Licensure Examination - Recognizing the entry level of education program - Providing guidance to nurses of their professional obligations - Providing a foundation for the assessment of their professional performance - Clarifying to the public and other health care professionals what the profession expects of its members - Serving as a basis in addressing incompetent and unethical nursing practice. - ANS-- PHILIPPINE PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE STANDARDS (PRBON) ANSAP - ANS-- Association of Nursing Service Administrators of the Philippines PNA - ANS-- Philippine Nurses Association ADPCN - ANS-- Association of Deans of Philippine Colleges of Nursing NLGN - ANS-- National League of Government Nurses Adopted promulgated by the Professional Regulation and the Board of Nursing on Sept. 30, 1998, pursuant to PRC-BON Resolution No. 82, 1998 - ANS-- Standards of Safe Nursing Practice in the Philippines THREE MAJOR PARTS - ANS-- Part I - Philosophical, Conceptual, and Social Basis of Nursing Part II - Standards of Clinical Nursing Practices in any Setting Part III - Standards of Nursing Service Administration Philosophical, Conceptual, and Social Basis of Nursing - ANS-- PART I Standards of Clinical Nursing Practices in any Setting - ANS-- PART II Standards of Nursing Service Administration - ANS-- PART III