GMS 6440 Final exam with correct |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answers
Skeletal System - correct answer✔✔Organs: bones, cartilage, bone marrow
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Function: provide support and protection, store calcium and minerals, form blood cells
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Muscular System - correct answer✔✔Organs: muscles, tendons
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Function: provide movement, support and protect, generate heat and maintain body
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temperate
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle - correct answer✔✔Skeletal - contractile proteins form
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alternating patterns of light and dark (striations). Voluntary movement.
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Cardiac - involuntary. Rich in capillaries, connective tissue supplies blood to the muscle
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Smooth - involuntary. Grouped in irregular bundles, found lining internal organs.
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Digestive System - correct answer✔✔Organs: teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
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intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Function: process and digest food, absorb and conserve water, breakdown nutrients, store
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
energy, generate heat
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How much intestinal juice is secrete and how much water is secreted into the feces? - correct
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answer✔✔We produce anywhere between 6.5-8L of liquid a day but only lose 100 ml/day.
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Cardiovascular System - correct answer✔✔Organs: heart, blood, vessels |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Function: distribute nutrients and stuff, distribute heat and control body temp
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,Pathway of Circulatory System - correct answer✔✔Deoxygenated Blood - Right Atrium -
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tricuspid valve - Right Ventricle - pulmonary artery - Lungs - Oxygenated Blood - pulmonary
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vein - Left Atrium - mitral valve - Left Ventricle - Aorta - artery - arteriole - capillary - venule -
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vein - vena cava |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Respiratory System - correct answer✔✔Organs: nasal cavity, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
lungs, alveoli |||\\\
Function: deliver air to alveoli, provide O2 to blood, remove CO2 from blood, sound
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
How many lobes to the right and left lungs have? - correct answer✔✔Right has 3 and the left
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
has 2 |||\\\
Renal and Urinary System - correct answer✔✔Organs: kidney, ureter, bladder
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Function: excrete waste from blood, control water balance, storing urine, regulate blood [ ] and
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pH
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How much liquid do we filter a day and how much urine is usually produced? - correct
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answer✔✔We filter 170 L/day while only producing 1.5 L of urine. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Endocrine System - correct answer✔✔Organs: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal
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glands, gonads, etc
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Function: direct long-term changes in systems, metabolic activity, development
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Major hormones and their functions - correct answer✔✔GH: pituitary. stimulates growth.
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TH: thyroid. maintains metabolism, regulates BP, development
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Cortisol: adrenal gland. Stress resistance and fat mobilization
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Insulin: pancreas. Lowers blood sugar |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Gastrin: stomach. Production of HCl |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Erythropoietin: kidney. RBC production |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, Leptin: adipose. suppresses appetite. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Nervous System - correct answer✔✔Organs: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
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Function: provide and interpret sensory info, coordinate activities of other systems
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Female Reproductive System - correct answer✔✔Organs: ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary
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glands
function: produce female sex cells, support embryo, provide milk |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Menstrual cycle - correct answer✔✔ovulation occurs around 14 days into cycle when LH surge |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
triggers release of single mature egg from ovary to go through fallopian tubes to the uterus. If
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
unfertilized, it is discharged and endometrium is shed (menstruation). |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Distribution of Major Electrolytes - correct answer✔✔Na+: 10:1 outside |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
K+: 25:1 inside
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Cl-: 5:1 outside
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HCO3-: 2:1 outside |||\\\ |||\\\
Ca2+: micromolar inside. Thousand-fold greater outside.
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Organic anions: 15:1 inside |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
channels vs transporters - correct answer✔✔channels move water or ions and electrode
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transporters are solute carriers or pumps |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Permeability for passive diffusion - correct answer✔✔-Ions (K+, Na+, HCO-, Ca2+, Cl-) do not |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
cross the membrane |||\\\ |||\\\
-hydrophobic molecules (O2, N2, CO2) pass freely |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
-small, uncharged, polar molecules like glycerol can move to a small extent
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answers
Skeletal System - correct answer✔✔Organs: bones, cartilage, bone marrow
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Function: provide support and protection, store calcium and minerals, form blood cells
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Muscular System - correct answer✔✔Organs: muscles, tendons
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Function: provide movement, support and protect, generate heat and maintain body
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
temperate
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle - correct answer✔✔Skeletal - contractile proteins form
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
alternating patterns of light and dark (striations). Voluntary movement.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Cardiac - involuntary. Rich in capillaries, connective tissue supplies blood to the muscle
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Smooth - involuntary. Grouped in irregular bundles, found lining internal organs.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Digestive System - correct answer✔✔Organs: teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Function: process and digest food, absorb and conserve water, breakdown nutrients, store
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
energy, generate heat
|||\\\ |||\\\
How much intestinal juice is secrete and how much water is secreted into the feces? - correct
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answer✔✔We produce anywhere between 6.5-8L of liquid a day but only lose 100 ml/day.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Cardiovascular System - correct answer✔✔Organs: heart, blood, vessels |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Function: distribute nutrients and stuff, distribute heat and control body temp
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,Pathway of Circulatory System - correct answer✔✔Deoxygenated Blood - Right Atrium -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
tricuspid valve - Right Ventricle - pulmonary artery - Lungs - Oxygenated Blood - pulmonary
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
vein - Left Atrium - mitral valve - Left Ventricle - Aorta - artery - arteriole - capillary - venule -
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vein - vena cava |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Respiratory System - correct answer✔✔Organs: nasal cavity, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
lungs, alveoli |||\\\
Function: deliver air to alveoli, provide O2 to blood, remove CO2 from blood, sound
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
How many lobes to the right and left lungs have? - correct answer✔✔Right has 3 and the left
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
has 2 |||\\\
Renal and Urinary System - correct answer✔✔Organs: kidney, ureter, bladder
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Function: excrete waste from blood, control water balance, storing urine, regulate blood [ ] and
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
pH
|||\\\
How much liquid do we filter a day and how much urine is usually produced? - correct
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answer✔✔We filter 170 L/day while only producing 1.5 L of urine. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Endocrine System - correct answer✔✔Organs: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
glands, gonads, etc
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Function: direct long-term changes in systems, metabolic activity, development
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Major hormones and their functions - correct answer✔✔GH: pituitary. stimulates growth.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
TH: thyroid. maintains metabolism, regulates BP, development
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Cortisol: adrenal gland. Stress resistance and fat mobilization
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Insulin: pancreas. Lowers blood sugar |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Gastrin: stomach. Production of HCl |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Erythropoietin: kidney. RBC production |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, Leptin: adipose. suppresses appetite. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Nervous System - correct answer✔✔Organs: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Function: provide and interpret sensory info, coordinate activities of other systems
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Female Reproductive System - correct answer✔✔Organs: ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
glands
function: produce female sex cells, support embryo, provide milk |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Menstrual cycle - correct answer✔✔ovulation occurs around 14 days into cycle when LH surge |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
triggers release of single mature egg from ovary to go through fallopian tubes to the uterus. If
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
unfertilized, it is discharged and endometrium is shed (menstruation). |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Distribution of Major Electrolytes - correct answer✔✔Na+: 10:1 outside |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
K+: 25:1 inside
|||\\\ |||\\\
Cl-: 5:1 outside
|||\\\ |||\\\
HCO3-: 2:1 outside |||\\\ |||\\\
Ca2+: micromolar inside. Thousand-fold greater outside.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Organic anions: 15:1 inside |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
channels vs transporters - correct answer✔✔channels move water or ions and electrode
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
transporters are solute carriers or pumps |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Permeability for passive diffusion - correct answer✔✔-Ions (K+, Na+, HCO-, Ca2+, Cl-) do not |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
cross the membrane |||\\\ |||\\\
-hydrophobic molecules (O2, N2, CO2) pass freely |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
-small, uncharged, polar molecules like glycerol can move to a small extent
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
