WGU D115 OA QUICK REVIEW OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
UPDATED VERSION OF 2025|2026
WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
1. What type of fiber stimulates the salivary glands? - Answer Cholinergic
fibers
2. What part of the esophagus is innervated by nerve fibers? - Answer The
lower third
3. What artery provides blood to the stomach? - Answer Celiac artery
4. What hormone is responsible for the inhibition of stomach contraction? -
Answer Secretin
5. Gastrin increases stomach contraction (aids in motility) and produces acid in
the antrum, duodenum, and pancreas by G-cells
6. Which cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor? -
Answer Parietal cells
,7. Pernicious anemia* (Vitamin B12 deficiency)
8. Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving fatty acids from phospholipids? -
Answer Phospholipase
9. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking the end amino acids away from
the ingested protein? - Answer Carboxypeptidase
10.What is true of unconjugated bilirubin? - Answer Unconjugated bilirubin is
bilirubin bound to albumin.
11.Also called "free bilirubin"
12.Define pepsin - Answer Produced in the stomach and breaks down proteins
13.Think P and P
14.Define Lipase - Answer Produced by the pancreas and breaks down
triglycerides
15.Define amylase - Answer Produced in the mouth and breaks down starch
16."Amy eats a starchy meal"
17.What are 3 characteristics of celiac disease? - Answer
, Anemia
Diminished growth
Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins
18.Is pyloric stenosis more common in male or female infants ? - Answer Males
19.A 74-year-old male complains of rectal bleeding for the past year. He has not
change in bowel habits and denies abdominal pain, weight loss, and rectal
pain. He has seen blood in the toilet water and when wiping approximately
once every few weeks, but lately the bleeding has increased. He had
colonoscopy 5 year ago. The FNP should: - Answer Schedule a colonoscopy
to look for colon polyps and/or cancer
20.An overweigh, middle-aged woman has right upper quadrant pain that
radiates to her right subscapular area and is severe and persistent. She is also
experiencing anorexia, nausea, and a fever. Her most recent meal was a
double quarter-pound cheeseburger, French fries, and a milkshake. The FNP
examines the abdomen and percusses for CVA tenderness. the abdomen is
tender in the RUQ. Which of the following signs corresponds with the
correct diagnosis? - Answer Murphy's sign: the patient has cholecystitis
21.McBurney's sign is related to appendicitis
22.CVA tenderness is related to UTIs
23.What are the 3 layers of human defense? What happens during each? -
Answer Physical- protect against damage and infection are composed of
tightly associated epithelial cells including those of the skin and of the
membranous sheets lining the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory
, tracts. Mechanical- "washing" the surfaces (sloughing off of dead skin,
vomiting, urination, coughing). Biochemical barriers- secrets substances
meant to trap of destroy microorganisms. (Mucus, sweat, saliva, tears,
sebaceous glands, and earwax).
24.What is the second line of defense and the process? - Answer Inflammatory
response- rapid and nonspecific, protective response to cellular injury from
any cause. It can occur only in vascularized tissue.
25.How do acute and chronic inflammation differ? - Answer Acute- Short
duration, 8-10 days from onset to healing. The three systemic changes
associated with the acute inflammatory response are fever, leukocytosis, and
plasma protein synthesis. Chronic inflammation- can be a continuation of
acute inflammation that last 2 weeks or longer. It can also occur as a distinct
process without much preceding acute inflammation.
26.What are the phases of wound healing and the process that takes place
during each? - Answer Phase 1- Inflammation- includes coagulation and the
infiltration of cells that participate in wound healing, including platelets,
neutrophils, and macrophages. Phase 2- Proliferation and New Tissue
Formation (Reconstruction)- wound begins to heal. This stage begins 3-4
days after injury and continues for as long as 2 weeks. Phase 3- Remodeling
and Maturation- phase for recovering normal tissue structure that can persist
for years
27.How does the inflammatory response differ in neonates? - Answer Neonates
often have transiently depressed inflammatory function, particularly
neutrophil chemotaxis and alternative complement activity.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
UPDATED VERSION OF 2025|2026
WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
1. What type of fiber stimulates the salivary glands? - Answer Cholinergic
fibers
2. What part of the esophagus is innervated by nerve fibers? - Answer The
lower third
3. What artery provides blood to the stomach? - Answer Celiac artery
4. What hormone is responsible for the inhibition of stomach contraction? -
Answer Secretin
5. Gastrin increases stomach contraction (aids in motility) and produces acid in
the antrum, duodenum, and pancreas by G-cells
6. Which cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor? -
Answer Parietal cells
,7. Pernicious anemia* (Vitamin B12 deficiency)
8. Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving fatty acids from phospholipids? -
Answer Phospholipase
9. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking the end amino acids away from
the ingested protein? - Answer Carboxypeptidase
10.What is true of unconjugated bilirubin? - Answer Unconjugated bilirubin is
bilirubin bound to albumin.
11.Also called "free bilirubin"
12.Define pepsin - Answer Produced in the stomach and breaks down proteins
13.Think P and P
14.Define Lipase - Answer Produced by the pancreas and breaks down
triglycerides
15.Define amylase - Answer Produced in the mouth and breaks down starch
16."Amy eats a starchy meal"
17.What are 3 characteristics of celiac disease? - Answer
, Anemia
Diminished growth
Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins
18.Is pyloric stenosis more common in male or female infants ? - Answer Males
19.A 74-year-old male complains of rectal bleeding for the past year. He has not
change in bowel habits and denies abdominal pain, weight loss, and rectal
pain. He has seen blood in the toilet water and when wiping approximately
once every few weeks, but lately the bleeding has increased. He had
colonoscopy 5 year ago. The FNP should: - Answer Schedule a colonoscopy
to look for colon polyps and/or cancer
20.An overweigh, middle-aged woman has right upper quadrant pain that
radiates to her right subscapular area and is severe and persistent. She is also
experiencing anorexia, nausea, and a fever. Her most recent meal was a
double quarter-pound cheeseburger, French fries, and a milkshake. The FNP
examines the abdomen and percusses for CVA tenderness. the abdomen is
tender in the RUQ. Which of the following signs corresponds with the
correct diagnosis? - Answer Murphy's sign: the patient has cholecystitis
21.McBurney's sign is related to appendicitis
22.CVA tenderness is related to UTIs
23.What are the 3 layers of human defense? What happens during each? -
Answer Physical- protect against damage and infection are composed of
tightly associated epithelial cells including those of the skin and of the
membranous sheets lining the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory
, tracts. Mechanical- "washing" the surfaces (sloughing off of dead skin,
vomiting, urination, coughing). Biochemical barriers- secrets substances
meant to trap of destroy microorganisms. (Mucus, sweat, saliva, tears,
sebaceous glands, and earwax).
24.What is the second line of defense and the process? - Answer Inflammatory
response- rapid and nonspecific, protective response to cellular injury from
any cause. It can occur only in vascularized tissue.
25.How do acute and chronic inflammation differ? - Answer Acute- Short
duration, 8-10 days from onset to healing. The three systemic changes
associated with the acute inflammatory response are fever, leukocytosis, and
plasma protein synthesis. Chronic inflammation- can be a continuation of
acute inflammation that last 2 weeks or longer. It can also occur as a distinct
process without much preceding acute inflammation.
26.What are the phases of wound healing and the process that takes place
during each? - Answer Phase 1- Inflammation- includes coagulation and the
infiltration of cells that participate in wound healing, including platelets,
neutrophils, and macrophages. Phase 2- Proliferation and New Tissue
Formation (Reconstruction)- wound begins to heal. This stage begins 3-4
days after injury and continues for as long as 2 weeks. Phase 3- Remodeling
and Maturation- phase for recovering normal tissue structure that can persist
for years
27.How does the inflammatory response differ in neonates? - Answer Neonates
often have transiently depressed inflammatory function, particularly
neutrophil chemotaxis and alternative complement activity.
