GLPH 271 – Module 5: Complete Notes and Key Concepts with
Clear Explanations
Define disease prevention. - ANS ✔Aims to mitigate the effects of disease and
minimize incidence
List and briefly describe the 4 stages of prevention. - ANS ✔Primordial = prevent risk factors
from happening by targeting the underlying environment and social conditions for the whole
population (ex. Food Guide)
Primary Prevention = identification and modification of risk factors to prevent disease (risk
reduction) (ex. no smoking, vaccines)
(Disease onset)
Secondary Prevention= early detection and treatment before symptoms appear (pap smear)
(Clinical onset)
Tertiary Prevention= treatment to prevent adverse outcomes/progression of the disease (rehab,
chemo)
Health promotion - ANS ✔the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to
improve, their health (make healthy habits)
Describe the 2 approaches to health promotion. - ANS ✔1. Identification risk: Identify
individuals susceptible to a risk factor and intervene to reduce their risk
, 2. Reduce average risk: from the whole population level
List 5 factors outlined in the Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion. - ANS ✔- build healthy public
policy
- create supportive environments
- strengthen community actions
- develop personal skills
- reorient health services
health promotion factors - ANS ✔1. environmental
2. social
3. other
(basically just the SDH)
What is the most important modifiable factor in determining health? - ANS ✔Personal
behaviours (easiest SDH to change, others you're 'born into')
What chasm exists (why is it still hard to change behaviours)? - ANS ✔gap between knowledge
and behaviour
What are the 4 Social Ecological levels and barriers associated with them? - ANS ✔intrapersonal
(individual level)
- lack of knowledge of safe sex, healthy eat etc., depression (lack of control over health)
interpersonal (social relationships)
- unsupportive family, not a good relationship with dr, friend group that smokes
Clear Explanations
Define disease prevention. - ANS ✔Aims to mitigate the effects of disease and
minimize incidence
List and briefly describe the 4 stages of prevention. - ANS ✔Primordial = prevent risk factors
from happening by targeting the underlying environment and social conditions for the whole
population (ex. Food Guide)
Primary Prevention = identification and modification of risk factors to prevent disease (risk
reduction) (ex. no smoking, vaccines)
(Disease onset)
Secondary Prevention= early detection and treatment before symptoms appear (pap smear)
(Clinical onset)
Tertiary Prevention= treatment to prevent adverse outcomes/progression of the disease (rehab,
chemo)
Health promotion - ANS ✔the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to
improve, their health (make healthy habits)
Describe the 2 approaches to health promotion. - ANS ✔1. Identification risk: Identify
individuals susceptible to a risk factor and intervene to reduce their risk
, 2. Reduce average risk: from the whole population level
List 5 factors outlined in the Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion. - ANS ✔- build healthy public
policy
- create supportive environments
- strengthen community actions
- develop personal skills
- reorient health services
health promotion factors - ANS ✔1. environmental
2. social
3. other
(basically just the SDH)
What is the most important modifiable factor in determining health? - ANS ✔Personal
behaviours (easiest SDH to change, others you're 'born into')
What chasm exists (why is it still hard to change behaviours)? - ANS ✔gap between knowledge
and behaviour
What are the 4 Social Ecological levels and barriers associated with them? - ANS ✔intrapersonal
(individual level)
- lack of knowledge of safe sex, healthy eat etc., depression (lack of control over health)
interpersonal (social relationships)
- unsupportive family, not a good relationship with dr, friend group that smokes
