Fundamentals of Nursing 9th Edition
Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing
practices. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent
to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
,MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse
who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience
may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles
of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids.
The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
,DIF:Apply (application)REF:3
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation
MSC:Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
has dpersonnel, dpolicy, dand dbudgetary dresponsibility dfor da dspecific dnursing dunit dor dfacility. dAs
dan d educator, dyou dexplain dconcepts dand dfacts dabout dhealth, ddescribe dthe dreason dfor
droutine dcare d d d activities, ddemonstrate dprocedures dsuch das dself-care dactivities, dreinforce
dlearning dor dpatient dbehavior, d and devaluate dthe dpatient’s dprogress din dlearning. dAs da
dpatient dadvocate, dyou dprotect dyour dpatient’s d human dand dlegal drights dand dprovide
dassistance din dasserting dthese drights dif dthe dneed darises. dAs da d caregiver, dyou dhelp
dpatients dmaintain dand dregain dhealth, dmanage ddisease dand dsymptoms, dand dattain d d d a
dmaximal dlevel dfunction dand dindependence dthrough dthe dhealing dprocess. d
DIF:Apply d(application)REF:4 d
OBJ: dDescribe dthe droles dand dcareer dopportunities dfor dnurses. dTOP: dImplementation
d MSC:Management dof dCare d
6. The dnurse dhas dbeen dworking din dthe dclinical dsetting dfor dseveral dyears das dan dadvanced
dpractice d d nurse. dHowever, dthe dnurse dhas da dstrong ddesire dto dpursue dresearch dand dtheory
ddevelopment. dTo dfulfill d this ddesire, dwhich dprogram dshould dthe dnurse dattend? d
a. Doctor dof dNursing dScience ddegree d(DNSc) d
b. Doctor dof dPhilosophy ddegree d(PhD) d
c. Doctor dof dNursing dPractice ddegree d(DNP) d
d. Doctor din dthe dScience dof dNursing ddegree d(DSN) d
ANS: dB d
Some ddoctoral dprograms dprepare dnurses dfor dmore drigorous dresearch dand dtheory
ddevelopment dand d award dthe dresearch-oriented dDoctor dof dPhilosophy d(PhD) din dnursing.
dProfessional ddoctoral dprograms d d in dnursing d(DSN dor dDNSc) dprepare dgraduates dto dapply
dresearch dfindings dto dclinical dnursing. dThe dDNP d is da dpractice ddoctorate dthat dprepares
dadvanced dpractice dnurses dsuch das dnurse dpractitioners. d
, DIF:Understand d(comprehension)REF:10
OBJ: dDescribe deducational dprograms davailable dfor dprofessional dregistered dnurse d(RN)
deducation. d TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management dof dCare d
7. A dnurse dattends da dworkshop don dcurrent dnursing dissues dprovided dby dthe
dAmerican dNurses d Association. dWhich dtype dof deducation ddid dthe dnurse dreceive? d
a. Graduate deducation d
b. Inservice deducation d
c. Continuing deducation d
d. Registered dnurse deducation d
ANS: dC d
Continuing deducation dinvolves dformal, dorganized deducational dprograms doffered dby
duniversities, d hospitals, dstate dnurses dassociations, dprofessional dnursing dorganizations, dand
deducational dand dhealth d care dinstitutions. dAfter dobtaining da dbaccalaureate ddegree din
dnursing, dyou dcan dpursue dgraduate d education dleading dto da dmaster’s dor ddoctoral ddegree din
dany dnumber dof dgraduate dfields, dincluding d nursing. dInservice deducation dprograms dare
dinstruction dor dtraining dprovided dby da dhealth dcare dfacility dor d institution. dRegistered dnurse
deducation dis dthe deducation dpreparation dfor dan dindividual dintending dto dbe d an dRN. d
DIF:Apply d(application)REF:10 d
OBJ: dDescribe deducational dprograms davailable dfor dprofessional dregistered dnurse d(RN)
deducation. d TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management dof dCare d
8. A dnurse didentifies dgaps dbetween dlocal dand dbest dpractices. dWhich dQuality dand dSafety
dEducation dfor d Nurses d(QSEN) dcompetency dis dthe dnurse ddemonstrating? d
a. Safety d
b. Patient-centered dcare
c. Quality dimprovement d
d. Teamwork dand dcollaboration
ANS: dC d
Quality dimprovement didentifies dgaps dbetween dlocal dand dbest dpractices. dSafety dminimizes
drisk dof dharm d to dpatients dand dproviders dthrough dboth dsystem deffectiveness dand dindividual
dperformance. dPatient- d centered dcare drecognizes dthe dpatient dor ddesignee das dthe dsource
dof dcontrol dand dfull dpartner din d d d providing dcompassionate dand dcoordinated dcare dbased don
drespect dfor dpatient’s dpreferences, dvalues, d and dneeds. dTeamwork dand dcollaboration dallows
deffective dfunctioning dwithin dnursing dand d
Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing
practices. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent
to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
,MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse
who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience
may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles
of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids.
The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
,DIF:Apply (application)REF:3
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation
MSC:Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
has dpersonnel, dpolicy, dand dbudgetary dresponsibility dfor da dspecific dnursing dunit dor dfacility. dAs
dan d educator, dyou dexplain dconcepts dand dfacts dabout dhealth, ddescribe dthe dreason dfor
droutine dcare d d d activities, ddemonstrate dprocedures dsuch das dself-care dactivities, dreinforce
dlearning dor dpatient dbehavior, d and devaluate dthe dpatient’s dprogress din dlearning. dAs da
dpatient dadvocate, dyou dprotect dyour dpatient’s d human dand dlegal drights dand dprovide
dassistance din dasserting dthese drights dif dthe dneed darises. dAs da d caregiver, dyou dhelp
dpatients dmaintain dand dregain dhealth, dmanage ddisease dand dsymptoms, dand dattain d d d a
dmaximal dlevel dfunction dand dindependence dthrough dthe dhealing dprocess. d
DIF:Apply d(application)REF:4 d
OBJ: dDescribe dthe droles dand dcareer dopportunities dfor dnurses. dTOP: dImplementation
d MSC:Management dof dCare d
6. The dnurse dhas dbeen dworking din dthe dclinical dsetting dfor dseveral dyears das dan dadvanced
dpractice d d nurse. dHowever, dthe dnurse dhas da dstrong ddesire dto dpursue dresearch dand dtheory
ddevelopment. dTo dfulfill d this ddesire, dwhich dprogram dshould dthe dnurse dattend? d
a. Doctor dof dNursing dScience ddegree d(DNSc) d
b. Doctor dof dPhilosophy ddegree d(PhD) d
c. Doctor dof dNursing dPractice ddegree d(DNP) d
d. Doctor din dthe dScience dof dNursing ddegree d(DSN) d
ANS: dB d
Some ddoctoral dprograms dprepare dnurses dfor dmore drigorous dresearch dand dtheory
ddevelopment dand d award dthe dresearch-oriented dDoctor dof dPhilosophy d(PhD) din dnursing.
dProfessional ddoctoral dprograms d d in dnursing d(DSN dor dDNSc) dprepare dgraduates dto dapply
dresearch dfindings dto dclinical dnursing. dThe dDNP d is da dpractice ddoctorate dthat dprepares
dadvanced dpractice dnurses dsuch das dnurse dpractitioners. d
, DIF:Understand d(comprehension)REF:10
OBJ: dDescribe deducational dprograms davailable dfor dprofessional dregistered dnurse d(RN)
deducation. d TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management dof dCare d
7. A dnurse dattends da dworkshop don dcurrent dnursing dissues dprovided dby dthe
dAmerican dNurses d Association. dWhich dtype dof deducation ddid dthe dnurse dreceive? d
a. Graduate deducation d
b. Inservice deducation d
c. Continuing deducation d
d. Registered dnurse deducation d
ANS: dC d
Continuing deducation dinvolves dformal, dorganized deducational dprograms doffered dby
duniversities, d hospitals, dstate dnurses dassociations, dprofessional dnursing dorganizations, dand
deducational dand dhealth d care dinstitutions. dAfter dobtaining da dbaccalaureate ddegree din
dnursing, dyou dcan dpursue dgraduate d education dleading dto da dmaster’s dor ddoctoral ddegree din
dany dnumber dof dgraduate dfields, dincluding d nursing. dInservice deducation dprograms dare
dinstruction dor dtraining dprovided dby da dhealth dcare dfacility dor d institution. dRegistered dnurse
deducation dis dthe deducation dpreparation dfor dan dindividual dintending dto dbe d an dRN. d
DIF:Apply d(application)REF:10 d
OBJ: dDescribe deducational dprograms davailable dfor dprofessional dregistered dnurse d(RN)
deducation. d TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management dof dCare d
8. A dnurse didentifies dgaps dbetween dlocal dand dbest dpractices. dWhich dQuality dand dSafety
dEducation dfor d Nurses d(QSEN) dcompetency dis dthe dnurse ddemonstrating? d
a. Safety d
b. Patient-centered dcare
c. Quality dimprovement d
d. Teamwork dand dcollaboration
ANS: dC d
Quality dimprovement didentifies dgaps dbetween dlocal dand dbest dpractices. dSafety dminimizes
drisk dof dharm d to dpatients dand dproviders dthrough dboth dsystem deffectiveness dand dindividual
dperformance. dPatient- d centered dcare drecognizes dthe dpatient dor ddesignee das dthe dsource
dof dcontrol dand dfull dpartner din d d d providing dcompassionate dand dcoordinated dcare dbased don
drespect dfor dpatient’s dpreferences, dvalues, d and dneeds. dTeamwork dand dcollaboration dallows
deffective dfunctioning dwithin dnursing dand d
