ABSC 160 Exam 3-Questions with Correct Answers/ Expert
Verified
language - ✔✔system of symbols used to communicate with others or in our thinking
phonology - ✔✔the study of the sounds of a language
phoneme - ✔✔the smallest distinct sound in a particular language
morphology - ✔✔the way words are formed from the sounds of a language and how these
words are related to other words
morpheme - ✔✔the smallest unit in a language that has meaning
syntax - ✔✔the grammar of a language
semantics - ✔✔the study of the meanings of words
pragmatics - ✔✔the rules that guide how we use language in social situations
broca's area - ✔✔the part of the brain that is involved in the physical production of speech
wernicke's area - ✔✔the part of the brain that has to do with understanding the meaning in
speech
receptive language - ✔✔the ability to understand words or sentences
expressive language - ✔✔the written or spoken language that we use to convey our
thoughts, emotions, or needs
,nativism - ✔✔a theory of language development that hypothesizes that human brains are
innately wired to learn language and that hearing spoken language triggers the activation of
a universal grammar
universal grammar - ✔✔a hypothesized set of grammatical rules and constraints proposed
by Chomsky that is thought to underlie all languages and that is hardwired in the human
brain
overregularization - ✔✔a type of grammatical error in which children apply a language rule
to words that don't follow that rule or pattern(for example, adding an s to make the plural
of an irregular noun like foot)
interactionism - ✔✔a theory of language development that proposes that the child's
biological readiness to learn language interacts with the child's experiences with language in
the environment to bring about the child's language development
recast - ✔✔repeating what children say but in a more advanced grammar to facilitate
language learning
cognitive processing theory - ✔✔the theory that learning language is a process of "data
crunching" in which the actual process of learning words and their meanings relies on the
computational ability of the human brain
transitional probability - ✔✔the likelihood that one particular sound will follow another one
to form a word
cooing - ✔✔soft vowel sounds, such as ooh and aah
child-directed speech - ✔✔speech that is tailored to fit the sensory and cognitive
capabilities of infants and children so that it holds their attention; includes speaking in a
higher pitch with exaggerated intonation and a singsong rhythm and using a simplified
vocabulary
, vocabulary burst - ✔✔the rapid growth of a child's vocabulary that often occurs in the
second year
constraints - ✔✔assumptions language learners make that limit the alternative meanings
that they attribute to new words
whole object bias - ✔✔an assumption made by language learners that a word describes an
entire object rather than just some portion of it
mutual exclusivity constraint - ✔✔an assumption made by language learners that there is
one (and only one) name for an object
taxonomic constraint - ✔✔an assumption language learners make that two objects that
have features in common can have a name in common, but that each object also can have
its own individual name
syntactic bootstrapping - ✔✔the use of syntax to learn the meaning of new words
(semantics)
semantic bootstrapping - ✔✔the use of conceptual categories to create grammatical
categories
fast mapping - ✔✔a process by which children apply constraints and their knowledge of
grammar to learn new words very quickly, often after a single exposure
telegraphic speech - ✔✔a stage in language development in which children only use the
words necessary to get their point across and omit small words that are not necessary(for
example: go bye-bye)
egocentric speech - ✔✔a limitation of young children's communication due to their inability
to take the perspective of other people into account
Verified
language - ✔✔system of symbols used to communicate with others or in our thinking
phonology - ✔✔the study of the sounds of a language
phoneme - ✔✔the smallest distinct sound in a particular language
morphology - ✔✔the way words are formed from the sounds of a language and how these
words are related to other words
morpheme - ✔✔the smallest unit in a language that has meaning
syntax - ✔✔the grammar of a language
semantics - ✔✔the study of the meanings of words
pragmatics - ✔✔the rules that guide how we use language in social situations
broca's area - ✔✔the part of the brain that is involved in the physical production of speech
wernicke's area - ✔✔the part of the brain that has to do with understanding the meaning in
speech
receptive language - ✔✔the ability to understand words or sentences
expressive language - ✔✔the written or spoken language that we use to convey our
thoughts, emotions, or needs
,nativism - ✔✔a theory of language development that hypothesizes that human brains are
innately wired to learn language and that hearing spoken language triggers the activation of
a universal grammar
universal grammar - ✔✔a hypothesized set of grammatical rules and constraints proposed
by Chomsky that is thought to underlie all languages and that is hardwired in the human
brain
overregularization - ✔✔a type of grammatical error in which children apply a language rule
to words that don't follow that rule or pattern(for example, adding an s to make the plural
of an irregular noun like foot)
interactionism - ✔✔a theory of language development that proposes that the child's
biological readiness to learn language interacts with the child's experiences with language in
the environment to bring about the child's language development
recast - ✔✔repeating what children say but in a more advanced grammar to facilitate
language learning
cognitive processing theory - ✔✔the theory that learning language is a process of "data
crunching" in which the actual process of learning words and their meanings relies on the
computational ability of the human brain
transitional probability - ✔✔the likelihood that one particular sound will follow another one
to form a word
cooing - ✔✔soft vowel sounds, such as ooh and aah
child-directed speech - ✔✔speech that is tailored to fit the sensory and cognitive
capabilities of infants and children so that it holds their attention; includes speaking in a
higher pitch with exaggerated intonation and a singsong rhythm and using a simplified
vocabulary
, vocabulary burst - ✔✔the rapid growth of a child's vocabulary that often occurs in the
second year
constraints - ✔✔assumptions language learners make that limit the alternative meanings
that they attribute to new words
whole object bias - ✔✔an assumption made by language learners that a word describes an
entire object rather than just some portion of it
mutual exclusivity constraint - ✔✔an assumption made by language learners that there is
one (and only one) name for an object
taxonomic constraint - ✔✔an assumption language learners make that two objects that
have features in common can have a name in common, but that each object also can have
its own individual name
syntactic bootstrapping - ✔✔the use of syntax to learn the meaning of new words
(semantics)
semantic bootstrapping - ✔✔the use of conceptual categories to create grammatical
categories
fast mapping - ✔✔a process by which children apply constraints and their knowledge of
grammar to learn new words very quickly, often after a single exposure
telegraphic speech - ✔✔a stage in language development in which children only use the
words necessary to get their point across and omit small words that are not necessary(for
example: go bye-bye)
egocentric speech - ✔✔a limitation of young children's communication due to their inability
to take the perspective of other people into account
