POL S 166 Essay Questions &
answers graded A+ passed
According to Cornell and Hartmann (2004), what separates race from ethnicity as categories of
classification and approaches for understanding immigrants to the United States? - ANS ✔Race:
1) A social construct based on assigned and putatively primordial characteristics
2) Basis of identity is putatively shared genes, as indicated by perceived physical differences
3)identity claims usually are assigned by outsiders
4)The tole of power relations in identity construction is typically substantial
5)the category tends to be exclusive and intolerant of multiplicity
6)Entry and exit are in practice, difficult
Ethnic Group:
1)A social construct based typically on asserted and putatively primordial characteristics
2)Basis of identity is putative kinship (shared descent) or common provenance)
3)Identity claims are usually asserted by the group itself
4)The role of power relations in identity construction tends to be modest
,5)ethnocentrism is common, but the category does not necessarily imply distinctive ability or
moral worth
6)the category tends to not be exclusive and can tolerate multiplicity
7)entry and exit, in practice, are relatively easy.
Both
•both race and ethnicity are constructed social categories based on primordialist claims
regarding differences between persons
Panethnicity - ANS ✔-panethnicity = a category developed by dominant populations to describe
those they perceive as fundamentally different from themselvs, combining together different
groups with shared traits in order to distinguish "us" vs "them"
Constructed primordiality - ANS ✔-constructed primordialism = the idea that race and ethnicity
are socially constructed, yet have their roots in primordialism which maintains that race and
ethnicity are fixed and unchanging once constructed; social products are given their power by
essentialist appeals
Whereas the foreign-born population has never been higher than 15% of the US population in
any recorded history, in what sense are we a nation of immigrants? Explain in terms of major
immigration and naturalization policies and major migration waves between 1790 and 1965. -
ANS ✔
According to Portes and Raubaut (2014), the making of US immigration policy has been driven
by what major ideologies or concerns? Who were "the undesirable" and barred (or deterred)
from immigration before 1920, between 1924 and 1952, and after 2001? - ANS ✔The vast
demand for cheap industrial labor between the late 19th century and 1960 was key drivers for
welcoming non-WASP immigrants, only to be halted by radical nativism, recession, and wars.
, Undesirable
before 1920:
The immoral (prostitutes-page act of 1875)
Aliens ineligible for citizenship: Chinese (1882),
Asian Indian (1917)
"Convicts, paupers, lunatics, and idiots" (1882)
Contract laborers (Foran Act of 1885)
Persons with infections diseases or disabilities (1907)
The illiterates (1917)
Radiacals (communists, anarchists, labor union organizer (1917)
1924-1952:
-Asian and Southern/Eastern european
2001≥islamic countries, central/south American immigrants
answers graded A+ passed
According to Cornell and Hartmann (2004), what separates race from ethnicity as categories of
classification and approaches for understanding immigrants to the United States? - ANS ✔Race:
1) A social construct based on assigned and putatively primordial characteristics
2) Basis of identity is putatively shared genes, as indicated by perceived physical differences
3)identity claims usually are assigned by outsiders
4)The tole of power relations in identity construction is typically substantial
5)the category tends to be exclusive and intolerant of multiplicity
6)Entry and exit are in practice, difficult
Ethnic Group:
1)A social construct based typically on asserted and putatively primordial characteristics
2)Basis of identity is putative kinship (shared descent) or common provenance)
3)Identity claims are usually asserted by the group itself
4)The role of power relations in identity construction tends to be modest
,5)ethnocentrism is common, but the category does not necessarily imply distinctive ability or
moral worth
6)the category tends to not be exclusive and can tolerate multiplicity
7)entry and exit, in practice, are relatively easy.
Both
•both race and ethnicity are constructed social categories based on primordialist claims
regarding differences between persons
Panethnicity - ANS ✔-panethnicity = a category developed by dominant populations to describe
those they perceive as fundamentally different from themselvs, combining together different
groups with shared traits in order to distinguish "us" vs "them"
Constructed primordiality - ANS ✔-constructed primordialism = the idea that race and ethnicity
are socially constructed, yet have their roots in primordialism which maintains that race and
ethnicity are fixed and unchanging once constructed; social products are given their power by
essentialist appeals
Whereas the foreign-born population has never been higher than 15% of the US population in
any recorded history, in what sense are we a nation of immigrants? Explain in terms of major
immigration and naturalization policies and major migration waves between 1790 and 1965. -
ANS ✔
According to Portes and Raubaut (2014), the making of US immigration policy has been driven
by what major ideologies or concerns? Who were "the undesirable" and barred (or deterred)
from immigration before 1920, between 1924 and 1952, and after 2001? - ANS ✔The vast
demand for cheap industrial labor between the late 19th century and 1960 was key drivers for
welcoming non-WASP immigrants, only to be halted by radical nativism, recession, and wars.
, Undesirable
before 1920:
The immoral (prostitutes-page act of 1875)
Aliens ineligible for citizenship: Chinese (1882),
Asian Indian (1917)
"Convicts, paupers, lunatics, and idiots" (1882)
Contract laborers (Foran Act of 1885)
Persons with infections diseases or disabilities (1907)
The illiterates (1917)
Radiacals (communists, anarchists, labor union organizer (1917)
1924-1952:
-Asian and Southern/Eastern european
2001≥islamic countries, central/south American immigrants
