ATI Fluid and Electrolytes Exam 2 2024
A client with a suspected overdose of an unknown drug is admitted to the emergency
department. Arterial blood gas values indicate respiratory acidosis. What should the nurse do
first?
a) Monitor the client's heart rhythm.
b) Prepare to assist with ventilation.
c) Obtain a urine specimen for drug screening.
d) Prepare for gastric lavage. - Prepare to assist with ventilation.
The nurse is assessing residents at a summer picnic at the nursing facility. The nurse expresses
concern due to the high heat and humidity of the day. Although the facility is offering the
residents plenty of fluids for fluid maintenance, the nurse is most concerned about which?
a) Lung function
b) Cardiovascular compromise
c) Insensible fluid loss
d) Summer allergies - Insensible fluid loss
A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2
days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon
dioxide (PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and
bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client
is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance?
a) Respiratory acidosis
b) Respiratory alkalosis
c) Metabolic alkalosis
d) Metabolic acidosis - Metabolic alkalosis
Which of the following is considered an isotonic solution?
a) 3% NaCl
b) 0.9% normal saline
c) 0.45% normal saline
d) Dextran in NS - 0.9% normal saline
Patients diagnosed with hypervolemia should avoid sweet or dry food because
a) it can cause dehydration.
b) it obstructs water elimination.
c) it increases the patient's desire to consume fluid.
d) it can lead to weight gain. - it increases the patient's desire to consume fluid.
Which of the following arterial blood gas results would be consistent with metabolic alkalosis?
,a) pH 7.26
b) Serum bicarbonate of 21 mEq/L
c) pH 7.30
d) Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L - Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L
Which of the following are the insensible mechanisms of fluid loss?
a) Urination
b) Nausea
c) Bowel elimination
d) Breathing - Breathing
Oral intake is controlled by the thirst center, located in which of the following cerebral areas?
a) Hypothalamus
b) Cerebellum
c) Thalamus
d) Brainstem - Hypothalamus
When evaluating arterial blood gases (ABGs), which value is consistent with metabolic
alkalosis?
a) PaCO 36
b) pH 7.48
c) HCO 21 mEq/L
d) O saturation 95% - pH 7.48
A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic with thirsty, dry, sticky mucous membranes,
decreased urine output, fever, a rough tongue, and lethargy. Serum sodium level is above 145
mEq/L. Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client?
a) No, sodium intake should be restricted.
b) No, start with the sodium chloride IV.
c) Yes, this will correct the sodium deficit.
d) Yes, along with the hypotonic IV. - No, sodium intake should be restricted.
A client hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis.
Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis?
a) Nausea or vomiting
b) Abdominal pain or diarrhea
c) Hallucinations or tinnitus
d) Light-headedness or paresthesia - Light-headedness or paresthesia
, A client has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.12; partial pressure of arterial
carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 40 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO3-), 15 mEq/L. These ABG values
suggest which disorder?
a) Metabolic acidosis
b) Respiratory alkalosis
c) Metabolic alkalosis
d) Respiratory acidosis - Metabolic acidosis
The nurse is instructing a patient with recurrent hyperkalemia about following a potassium-
restricted diet. Which of the following patient statements indicates the need for additional
instruction?
a) "Bananas have a lot of potassium in them, I'll stop buying them."
b) "I need to check if my cola beverage has potassium in it."
c) "I will not salt my food, instead I'll use salt substitute."
d) "I'll drink cranberry juice with my breakfast instead of coffee." - "I will not salt my food,
instead I'll use salt substitute."
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with hyperchloremia. Signs and symptoms of
hyperchloremia include which of the following? Select all that apply.
a) Tachypnea
b) Hypotension
c) Dehydration
d) Lethargy
e) Weakness - • Tachypnea
• Weakness
• Lethargy
A client presents with anorexia, nausea and vomiting, deep bone pain, and constipation. The
following are the client's laboratory values.
Na + 130 mEq/L
K + 4.6 mEq/L
Cl - 94 mEq/L
Mg ++ 2.8 mg/dL
Ca ++ 13 mg/dL
Which of the following alterations is consistent with the client's findings?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hyponatremia
c) Hypermagnesemia
d) Hypercalcemia - Hypercalcemia
A client with a suspected overdose of an unknown drug is admitted to the emergency
department. Arterial blood gas values indicate respiratory acidosis. What should the nurse do
first?
a) Monitor the client's heart rhythm.
b) Prepare to assist with ventilation.
c) Obtain a urine specimen for drug screening.
d) Prepare for gastric lavage. - Prepare to assist with ventilation.
The nurse is assessing residents at a summer picnic at the nursing facility. The nurse expresses
concern due to the high heat and humidity of the day. Although the facility is offering the
residents plenty of fluids for fluid maintenance, the nurse is most concerned about which?
a) Lung function
b) Cardiovascular compromise
c) Insensible fluid loss
d) Summer allergies - Insensible fluid loss
A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2
days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon
dioxide (PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and
bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client
is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance?
a) Respiratory acidosis
b) Respiratory alkalosis
c) Metabolic alkalosis
d) Metabolic acidosis - Metabolic alkalosis
Which of the following is considered an isotonic solution?
a) 3% NaCl
b) 0.9% normal saline
c) 0.45% normal saline
d) Dextran in NS - 0.9% normal saline
Patients diagnosed with hypervolemia should avoid sweet or dry food because
a) it can cause dehydration.
b) it obstructs water elimination.
c) it increases the patient's desire to consume fluid.
d) it can lead to weight gain. - it increases the patient's desire to consume fluid.
Which of the following arterial blood gas results would be consistent with metabolic alkalosis?
,a) pH 7.26
b) Serum bicarbonate of 21 mEq/L
c) pH 7.30
d) Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L - Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L
Which of the following are the insensible mechanisms of fluid loss?
a) Urination
b) Nausea
c) Bowel elimination
d) Breathing - Breathing
Oral intake is controlled by the thirst center, located in which of the following cerebral areas?
a) Hypothalamus
b) Cerebellum
c) Thalamus
d) Brainstem - Hypothalamus
When evaluating arterial blood gases (ABGs), which value is consistent with metabolic
alkalosis?
a) PaCO 36
b) pH 7.48
c) HCO 21 mEq/L
d) O saturation 95% - pH 7.48
A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic with thirsty, dry, sticky mucous membranes,
decreased urine output, fever, a rough tongue, and lethargy. Serum sodium level is above 145
mEq/L. Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client?
a) No, sodium intake should be restricted.
b) No, start with the sodium chloride IV.
c) Yes, this will correct the sodium deficit.
d) Yes, along with the hypotonic IV. - No, sodium intake should be restricted.
A client hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis.
Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis?
a) Nausea or vomiting
b) Abdominal pain or diarrhea
c) Hallucinations or tinnitus
d) Light-headedness or paresthesia - Light-headedness or paresthesia
, A client has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.12; partial pressure of arterial
carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 40 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO3-), 15 mEq/L. These ABG values
suggest which disorder?
a) Metabolic acidosis
b) Respiratory alkalosis
c) Metabolic alkalosis
d) Respiratory acidosis - Metabolic acidosis
The nurse is instructing a patient with recurrent hyperkalemia about following a potassium-
restricted diet. Which of the following patient statements indicates the need for additional
instruction?
a) "Bananas have a lot of potassium in them, I'll stop buying them."
b) "I need to check if my cola beverage has potassium in it."
c) "I will not salt my food, instead I'll use salt substitute."
d) "I'll drink cranberry juice with my breakfast instead of coffee." - "I will not salt my food,
instead I'll use salt substitute."
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with hyperchloremia. Signs and symptoms of
hyperchloremia include which of the following? Select all that apply.
a) Tachypnea
b) Hypotension
c) Dehydration
d) Lethargy
e) Weakness - • Tachypnea
• Weakness
• Lethargy
A client presents with anorexia, nausea and vomiting, deep bone pain, and constipation. The
following are the client's laboratory values.
Na + 130 mEq/L
K + 4.6 mEq/L
Cl - 94 mEq/L
Mg ++ 2.8 mg/dL
Ca ++ 13 mg/dL
Which of the following alterations is consistent with the client's findings?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hyponatremia
c) Hypermagnesemia
d) Hypercalcemia - Hypercalcemia
