PEDS FINAL EXAM 2025 MULTIPLE
CHOICES 100 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
Which clinical manifestation is MOST characteristic of Fifth's disease
(Erythema Infectiosum)?
A. A vesicular rash starting on the trunk
B. Bright red cheeks with a lacy rash on the body
C. Honey-colored crusted lesions around the nose
D. A maculopapular rash starting at the hairline
Answer: B. Bright red cheeks with a lacy rash on the body
Rationale: Fifth’s disease presents with a “slapped cheek” appearance
followed by a lacy, reticular rash on the body. It is caused by Parvovirus
B19.
What is the primary nursing intervention for a child with thrombocytopenia
secondary to chemotherapy?
A. Encourage frequent ambulation
B. Apply heat to painful joints
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,C. Avoid IM injections and monitor for bleeding
D. Increase dietary iron intake
Answer: C. Avoid IM injections and monitor for bleeding
Rationale: Thrombocytopenia increases bleeding risk. Avoiding trauma and
minimizing invasive procedures like intramuscular injections helps prevent
hemorrhage.
Which pain scale is most appropriate for a non-verbal 6-month-old infant?
A. Numeric Visual Analogue Scale
B. Wong-Baker FACES
C. FLACC scale
D. Numeric Rating Scale (0-10)
Answer: C. FLACC scale
Rationale: The FLACC scale assesses pain in infants and non-verbal
children by observing facial expression, leg movement, activity, cry, and
consolability.
What electrolyte imbalance is most likely in a child with prolonged
vomiting?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
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,C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Vomiting leads to potassium loss through gastric fluids, resulting
in hypokalemia. Monitoring and replacing electrolytes is crucial in these
patients.
Which is an appropriate intervention for a preschool-aged child during
hospitalization?
A. Provide structured learning activities
B. Encourage parallel play with others
C. Offer solitary play options
D. Engage in formal teaching sessions
Answer: B. Encourage parallel play with others
Rationale: Preschoolers engage in parallel play—playing alongside other
children without direct interaction. This supports development and reduces
anxiety during hospitalization.
Which laboratory finding is most consistent with a diagnosis of acute post-
streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)?
A. Elevated potassium, decreased BUN
B. Elevated ASO titer, hematuria, proteinuria
C. Positive nitrites, elevated WBC
D. Low hematocrit, high reticulocyte count
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, Answer: B. Elevated ASO titer, hematuria, proteinuria
Rationale: APSGN typically occurs after a streptococcal infection and
presents with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and a positive ASO titer
indicating recent strep exposure.
What is the most important pre-operative nursing implication for a child
diagnosed with Wilms' Tumor (nephroblastoma)?
A. Administer diuretics before surgery
B. Avoid palpating the abdomen
C. Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia
D. Start high-protein TPN
Answer: B. Avoid palpating the abdomen
Rationale: Palpation of the abdomen could rupture the encapsulated tumor
and cause dissemination of cancer cells.
Which of the following findings is most characteristic of increased
intracranial pressure in an infant?
A. Positive Babinski reflex
B. High-pitched cry and bulging fontanel
C. Hyperreflexia and tremors
D. Dry mucous membranes and sunken fontanel
Answer: B. High-pitched cry and bulging fontanel
Rationale: These are hallmark signs of increased ICP in infants, along with
irritability and increased head circumference.
pg. 4 https://www.ilovepdf.com/compress_pdf
CHOICES 100 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
Which clinical manifestation is MOST characteristic of Fifth's disease
(Erythema Infectiosum)?
A. A vesicular rash starting on the trunk
B. Bright red cheeks with a lacy rash on the body
C. Honey-colored crusted lesions around the nose
D. A maculopapular rash starting at the hairline
Answer: B. Bright red cheeks with a lacy rash on the body
Rationale: Fifth’s disease presents with a “slapped cheek” appearance
followed by a lacy, reticular rash on the body. It is caused by Parvovirus
B19.
What is the primary nursing intervention for a child with thrombocytopenia
secondary to chemotherapy?
A. Encourage frequent ambulation
B. Apply heat to painful joints
pg. 1 https://www.ilovepdf.com/compress_pdf
,C. Avoid IM injections and monitor for bleeding
D. Increase dietary iron intake
Answer: C. Avoid IM injections and monitor for bleeding
Rationale: Thrombocytopenia increases bleeding risk. Avoiding trauma and
minimizing invasive procedures like intramuscular injections helps prevent
hemorrhage.
Which pain scale is most appropriate for a non-verbal 6-month-old infant?
A. Numeric Visual Analogue Scale
B. Wong-Baker FACES
C. FLACC scale
D. Numeric Rating Scale (0-10)
Answer: C. FLACC scale
Rationale: The FLACC scale assesses pain in infants and non-verbal
children by observing facial expression, leg movement, activity, cry, and
consolability.
What electrolyte imbalance is most likely in a child with prolonged
vomiting?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
pg. 2 https://www.ilovepdf.com/compress_pdf
,C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Vomiting leads to potassium loss through gastric fluids, resulting
in hypokalemia. Monitoring and replacing electrolytes is crucial in these
patients.
Which is an appropriate intervention for a preschool-aged child during
hospitalization?
A. Provide structured learning activities
B. Encourage parallel play with others
C. Offer solitary play options
D. Engage in formal teaching sessions
Answer: B. Encourage parallel play with others
Rationale: Preschoolers engage in parallel play—playing alongside other
children without direct interaction. This supports development and reduces
anxiety during hospitalization.
Which laboratory finding is most consistent with a diagnosis of acute post-
streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)?
A. Elevated potassium, decreased BUN
B. Elevated ASO titer, hematuria, proteinuria
C. Positive nitrites, elevated WBC
D. Low hematocrit, high reticulocyte count
pg. 3 https://www.ilovepdf.com/compress_pdf
, Answer: B. Elevated ASO titer, hematuria, proteinuria
Rationale: APSGN typically occurs after a streptococcal infection and
presents with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and a positive ASO titer
indicating recent strep exposure.
What is the most important pre-operative nursing implication for a child
diagnosed with Wilms' Tumor (nephroblastoma)?
A. Administer diuretics before surgery
B. Avoid palpating the abdomen
C. Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia
D. Start high-protein TPN
Answer: B. Avoid palpating the abdomen
Rationale: Palpation of the abdomen could rupture the encapsulated tumor
and cause dissemination of cancer cells.
Which of the following findings is most characteristic of increased
intracranial pressure in an infant?
A. Positive Babinski reflex
B. High-pitched cry and bulging fontanel
C. Hyperreflexia and tremors
D. Dry mucous membranes and sunken fontanel
Answer: B. High-pitched cry and bulging fontanel
Rationale: These are hallmark signs of increased ICP in infants, along with
irritability and increased head circumference.
pg. 4 https://www.ilovepdf.com/compress_pdf
